藏族与汉族青少年身体成分比较  

Comparison of Body Composition between Tibetan and Han Adolescents

作　　者：徐涛[1] 韩少梅[1] 朱广瑾[2] 刘军廷[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院基础医学研究所,北京协和医学院基础学院流行病及统计学系,北京100005 [2]中国医学科学院基础医学研究所,北京协和医学院基础学院病理生理学系,北京100005 [3]首都儿科研究所流行病室,北京100020

出　　处：《协和医学杂志》2016年第2期110-114,共5页Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital

基　　金：国家科技部科技基础性工作专项重点项目(2006FY110300)

摘　　要：目的通过大规模人群调查探讨藏族和汉族青少年身体成分状况的差异。方法采用分层二阶段整群抽样的原则在四川省随机抽取1440名年龄10~18岁生活在海拔3000 m以上高原地区的藏族青少年（n=707）和生活在低海拔地区的汉族青少年（n=733）。用Biodynamics BI-310身体成份分析仪对青少年进行身体成分检测。结果藏族青少年的平均身高略低于汉族（男性：150.06 cm比154.03 cm,P〈0.001;女性：147.28 cm比151.06 cm,P〈0.001）。藏族青少年男性的平均体重和体重指数与汉族差异均无统计学意义;藏族青少年女性的平均体重和汉族差异无统计学意义,但其体重指数略大（19.33 kg/m2比18.46 kg/m2,P〈0.001）。藏族青少年男性和女性的瘦体重都显著低于汉族（男性：35.20 kg比39.05 kg,P〈0.001;女性：32.25 kg比35.60 kg,P〈0.001）,而脂肪体重明显高于汉族（男性：5.90 kg比3.40 kg,P〈0.001;女性：9.65 kg比7.25 kg,P〈0.001）;藏族青少年的脂肪体重指数显著高于汉族,但去脂体重指数显著较低。藏族青少年男性和女性的脂肪百分比分别比汉族高6.62%和6.42%（P均〈0.001）。10~17岁藏族青少年的脂肪百分比始终比同性别同年龄组的汉族青少年高4%~7%。结论生长在高原地区的藏族青少年因遗传和环境等多种因素导致其身体成分状况不同于长期生活在平原地区的汉族青少年。藏族青少年的脂肪百分比始终高于同性别同年龄的汉族青少年。Objective To compare body composition between Tibetan adolescents and Han adolescents with a large-scale population survey. Methods Totally,707 Tibetan adolescent living in a 3000-meter-altitude area and 733 Han adolescents living in a low-altitude area,all aged from 10- 18 years,were surveyed in Sichuan province with two-stage stratified cluster sampling. Their body composition were arrayed with Biodynamics BI-310 body composition analyzer. Results The average height of Tibetan adolescents was lower than that of Hans（ male： 150. 06 cm vs. 154. 03 cm,P 0. 001; female： 147. 28 cm vs. 151. 06 cm,P 0. 001）. There were not significant differences in body weight and body mass index in boys; the body weight in girls also showed nosignificant difference,while Tibetan girls＇ body mass index was bigger than that of Hans（ 19. 33 kg / m2 vs.18. 46 kg / m2,P 0. 001）. The lean body mass of Tibetan adolescents was significantly smaller than that of Hans（ male： 35. 20 kg vs. 39. 05 kg,P 0. 001; female： 32. 25 kg vs. 35. 60 kg,P 0. 001）,but fat body weight of Tibetan adolescents was significantly larger than that of Hans（ male： 5. 90 kg vs. 3. 40 kg,P 0. 001;female： 9. 65 kg vs. 7. 25 kg,P 0. 001）. Fat mass index of Tibetan adolescents was higher than that of Hans,but fat-free mass index in Tibetan adolescents was significantly lower. The body fat percentages of Tibetan boys and girls were higher than Han adolescents by 6. 62%（ 14. 89% vs. 8. 27%,P 0. 001） and 6. 42%（ 23. 26% vs. 16. 84%,P 0. 001）,respectively. In the age range of 10- 17 years,body fat percentage of Tibetan adolescents was larger by 4% to 7% than that of Han adolescents in all age groups in both sexes.Conclusions The body compositions of Tibetan adolescents living in high-altitude areas may be significantly different from that of Hans living in low-altitude areas because of genetic,environmental,and other factors. Tibetan adolescents have higher body fat percentage compared with Han adolescents in same age and sex.

关 键 词：身体成分 脂肪百分比 藏族 青少年 高海拔 

分 类 号：Q984[生物学—人类学]