基于权变视角的企业组织结构演变研究--以美的集团为例  

A Study of Organization Structure Evolution Based on Contingency Theory——A Case Study Based on Midea

作　　者：李奕轩[1] 

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学成都学院经济与管理工程系

出　　处：《中国人力资源开发》2016年第6期78-83,共6页Human Resources Development of China

摘　　要：在企业产生到不断发展的过程中,由于外部形势和内部条件的变化,企业的形态和组织结构也在逐渐演化。本文从权变理论的视角分析了企业组织结构的演变,并以美的集团为例,回顾了其根据外部环境和战略规划不断调整企业组织结构的四个阶段,即直线结构时期、直线职能结构时期、事业部制职能结构时期以及事业部制结构改造时期。在此基础上,以转型幅度最大的事业部制结构改造时期为重点,介绍了美的根据经济、技术、竞争等环境因素,以及品牌、盈利或规模等战略目标来调整企业组织结构的部门设置、职能体系和企业规模。最后,本文形成了企业必须根据外部环境和内部战略等要素,及时调整企业组织结构和管理模式以重新达到动态平衡等两点结论。As firms come into being and continue developing, their formations and organization structures gradually evolve because of changes occurring in outside environment and inside conditions. This paper analyzes how firm organizational structures evolve from the contingency perspective, takes the example of Midea, and reviews its four periods of organizational structures transformations linear structure period, linear function structure period, business unit function structure period, and business unit function structure transformation period according to outside environments and strategic objectives. Based on this, we introduce the fottrth period featured by the largest transformation, when Midea adjusted its departments, function systems, and firm sizes in line with economic, technological and competition environments, as well as brand, profit and size strategies. At last, we come up to the conclusions that firms should adjust organizational structures and managing patterns to achieve new balance with outside environment and inside strategies.

关 键 词：权变理论 组织结构演变 战略转型 美的集团 

分 类 号：F272.9[经济管理—企业管理] F426.6[经济管理—国民经济]