40%正面偏置碰撞小身材驾驶员的安全性研究  

Research on small body driver safety in car 40% offset collision

作　　者：葛如海[1] 傅靖江 吕玫[2] 许长龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]无锡职业技术学院,江苏无锡214121

出　　处：《广西大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第2期355-362,共8页Journal of Guangxi University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目(2013M541607)

摘　　要：现有的汽车驾驶员约束系统都是基于50百分位的男性假人设计的,并不适用于小身材驾驶员。为了更好的保护小身材驾驶员,在研究了对50百分位男性假人在40%偏置碰撞中实现最大保护程度而设计的约束系统使用在小身材驾驶员之后的保护效果的基础上,分析偏置碰撞中车身绕Y轴、Z轴旋转的角度曲线,对角度波形进行优化分析。同时研究安全气囊的点火时间、排气孔直径大小对小身材驾驶员伤害的影响。结果表明,相比50百分位男性驾驶员,小身材驾驶员胸部和颈部受到的伤害更大,颈部向后时的剪切力增加了7倍,颈部弯矩也增加了0.5倍。车体绕Y轴旋转角度最小化可以有效的降低对小身材驾驶员头部和颈部造成的伤害。将气囊点火时间从35 ms提前至25 ms,可以降低颈部所受26%的向后的剪切力和30%的弯矩伤害,从而提升偏置碰撞中小身材驾驶员的安全性。At present,the car restraint system is designed mainly based on the 50 percentile male occupants,which is not suitable for small body drivers. The protection effectiveness of a restraint system designed for 50 percentile male occupants in 40% offset collision when applied to small body occupant is firstly studied. The angular curves around Y and Z axis based on restraint system model are researched and analyzed,which provide suggestion for improving safety restraint system design of car. Meanwhile,the effects of ignition time of airbag and diameter of airbag hole on small body driver injury are analyzed. The results show that the small body driver would be injured more seriously on chest and neck. Shear force of laid back neck increases 7 times and bending moment of neck increases 0. 5 times. The minimum spinning angular around Y axis can effectively reduce the injury on small body driver＇s head and neck. And advance ignition time of airbag from 35 ms to 25 ms can reduce 26% shear force injury of laid back neck and 30% bending moment of neck. The safety of small body drivers is improved.

关 键 词：40%正面偏置碰撞 小身材驾驶员 角度波形 安全气囊 仿真分析 

分 类 号：U461.91[机械工程—车辆工程]