金尾矿废弃地不同植被恢复阶段物种多样性与土壤特性的演变  

Evolution of Species Diversity and Soil Characteristics at Different Stages of Vegetation Restoration in Gold Tailings

作　　者：彭东海[1] 侯晓龙[1] 何宗明[1] 刘露奇[1] 蔡丽平[1] 林静雯[1] 江瑞荣[2] 黄福才[3] 钟均华 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福州350002 [2]福建省林业科技试验中心,福建南靖363600 [3]紫金矿业集团股份有限公司,福建上杭364200

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第1期159-164,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41401364);国家林业局林业公益性行业科研项目(201304303);农业高校产学合作科技重大项目(2013N5002);福建农林大学林学院院青年基金项目(6112C039J)

摘　　要：为探寻矿山废弃地植被恢复过程中植被和土壤的演替规律及物种多样性与土壤因子间的关系,以福建紫金山金尾矿废弃地为研究对象,采用空间代替时间序列的方法,对不同植被恢复阶段植物群落的物种多样性和土壤理化性质进行调查研究,并与未被破坏的自然植物群落和植被恢复前的裸尾矿进行比较分析。结果表明：（1）植被恢复能有效提高群落物种多样性,且随群落演替的进行呈上升趋势,不同植被恢复阶段的群落乔木层物种多样性明显低于灌木层和草本层,物种α多样性指数呈现相似的变化趋势;（2）植被恢复能有效改善土壤理化性质,不同植被恢复阶段的土壤容重和pH值随着恢复年限的增加而降低,土壤持水量和孔隙度逐渐提升,最大持水量和总孔隙度在恢复到11a时达到最大,相对于裸尾矿分别提高了112.91%和95.31%,有机质含量显著提高,是裸尾矿的1.99～23.30倍,养分含量逐渐增大,其中全磷和速效磷含量呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势;（3）相关性分析结果表明：植被恢复过程中物种多样性与土壤理化因子间具有明显的相关性,物种多样性与土壤养分含量呈现相似的变化趋势,植被的恢复不断改善着土壤理化性质,土壤肥力不断提高,而土壤理化性质的改善又促进了植物群落的发育和恢复发展。For the purpose of exploring the succession law of vegetation and soil during vegetation restoration process and the relationship between species diversity and soil properties in mining wasteland,Zijinshan gold tailings was selected as research object and the method of spatial sequence instead of time successional sequence was used to investigate species diversity of vegetation community and soil properties at different vegetation restoration stages,and natural vegetation community and bare tailings were selected as control treatments.The results showed：（1）Vegetation restoration could significantly improve species diversity,which increased gradually with community succession and was higher in tree layer than in shrub and herb layer at different stages of vegetation restoration.The speciesα-diversity index at different vegetation restoration stages showed similar trends.（2）Vegetation restoration could significantly improve soil physiochemical properties.Compared to soil properties in bare tailings,soil bulk density and pH decreased gradually with vegetation succession,while soil moisture content and total porosity increased,which reached the maximum levels in the 11 th year of vegetation restoration and increased by 112.91% and 95.31%,respectively.Soil organic matter content increased by 1.99～23.30 times compared with that in bare tailings.Soil nutrient content significantly increased with vegetation restoration,and the contents of total and available phosphorus increased at first and then decreased gradually.（3）Thecorrelation analysis showed that there was a remarkable correlation between species diversity and soil physiochemical properties.The species diversity and soil nutrient content showed similar trends across vegetation restoration stages.Vegetation restoration improved soil physiochemical properties and increased soil fertility,which further promoted the growth and development of vegetation communities.

关 键 词：紫金山 植被恢复 物种多样性 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S157.5[农业科学—土壤学]