河工模型试验目标水位突降时尾门水位的控制  

A Method of Controlling Water Level at Tail Gate When Target Water Level Drops Sharply in River Model Experiment

作　　者：杜剑锋[1] 马志敏[1] 范北林[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学电子信息学院,武汉430072 [2]长江科学院河流研究所,武汉430010

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2016年第4期131-134,共4页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

摘　　要：针对河工模型试验过程中目标水位下降幅度过大时可能造成尾门开启过度、流速急剧增加,从而导致动床地形冲毁的现象,提出了一种尾门平稳过渡控制的方法。即在试验开始阶段,停止尾门调节器PID(proportion-integration-differentiation)控制模式,采用逐步开启尾门,直至模型水位接近目标水位后再自动转入PID调节模式。在试验过程中,目标水位降幅超过设定的正常幅度后,调节器自动将目标水位变化分解为按阶梯逐步下降的过程,阶梯的幅度和持续时间可以根据实际模型事先整定。将新方法应用到长江防洪模型供水系统,并嵌入到尾门PID调节系统中。试验表明:采用这些方法后,能有效抑制目标水位降幅过大时造成尾门的超调,保证了尾门水位的平稳过渡,并且有效提高了尾门控制的平稳性和试验系统的可靠性;新方法使得水位调节平衡的时间有所增加,应根据模型的特性,选择适当的控制参数。When target water level falls sharply in river model experiment,tail gate may open excessively and flow velocity increases in a short time,destroying the riverbed terrain. In view of this,a steady control method for tail gate is put forward： stopping the tail gate PID（ proportion-integration-differentiation） control mode in the early stage of experiment until the modeling water level approximates the target water level. In the scenario,if the target water level drops more than forecast,the target would decline in a regular interval until the actual water level is close to the final target. The magnitude and duration of the target decline are different according to different external experiment. This scheme is applied to the water supply system of Yangtze River Flood Control Model,and is embedded into the PID control system of tail gate. Experiments verified that the excessive adjustment of tail gate when target water level drops sharply is effectively controlled,hence ensuring the steady water level and improving the reliability of experiment system. As the duration of water level control is increased,we should select proper control parameters according to the model features.

关 键 词：尾门水位调节 PID算法 流速 地形 河工模型试验 

分 类 号：TV131.6[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]