福寿螺卵抗逆性研究进展  

Research progress on the stress resistance of Pomacea canaliculata eggs

作　　者：刘巧[1] 赵柳兰[1] 杨淞[1] 严太明[1] 何智[1] 章家恩[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物科技学院水产养殖系,成都611130 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院生态学系,广州510642

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第4期1072-1079,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-广东联合基金项目(U1131006)资助

摘　　要：福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)是唯一一种被列为全球100种恶性外来物种的淡水螺,也是首批农业部认定的入侵中国16种危害最大的外来物种之一。福寿螺成功入侵与其能够在广泛的条件下完成生活史、建立种群并定殖密切相关。福寿螺卵作为其生活史中的重要阶段,成功孵化是建立种群的基础。自然条件下,福寿螺卵孵化期间伴随着环境干燥、阳光直射、高温、细菌、寄生虫和陆生捕食者等不利因素。本文概述了福寿螺繁殖生物学特性及其赋予卵抗逆性的作用,探讨了螺卵通过卵壳、类胡萝卜素蛋白、热休克蛋白、酶类和非酶类抗氧化物质应对太阳光辐射、高温、氧化和干燥环境的适应策略,介绍了螺卵通过编码免疫防御蛋白、抗营养、抗消化物质以及神经毒素抵御细菌和捕食者的防御机制,并分析了螺卵的能量分配问题。最后指出,对福寿螺卵蛋白质的进化与功能分析、抑制螺卵孵化方式以及对卵的利用是今后需要研究的主要方向。Pomacea canaliculata is the only freshwater snail listed among the 100 worst invaders worldwide,as well as one of the 16 most dangerous invaders in China. The successful invasion of P. canaliculata must be closely related to its completion of life cycle,establishment of population and successful acclimatization of colony under a wide range of conditions. The successful hatching of eggs is a critical phase for the population establishment of P. canaliculata. Under natural conditions,eggs suffer from lots of adverse factors during hatching,such as desiccation,direct sunlight,high temperature,pathogenic bacteria,parasites and terrestrial predators. In this paper,we have concluded that the reproductive biology characteristics of P. canaliculata gave some distinct functions to eggs for stress resistance,the egg could adopt a series of adaptive strategies to overcome solar radiation,high temperature,oxidation and desiccation by egg-shell,carotenoprotein,heat shock protein,enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant substance. In addition,we have also summarized the egg defensive mechanisms against pathogenic bacteria and predators by encoding relative innate immune proteins,anti-nutrition / anti-digestion components,neurotoxin,as well as the egg energy distribution during hatching. We proposed that evolution and functions of proteins of P. canaliculata egg,the inhibition type of egg hatch and the utilization of apple snail eggs need to further study.

关 键 词：入侵 生活史 孵化 适应策略 防御机制 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]