一种海南杧果新发病害致病菌研究初报  

Preliminary Report on the Pathogens of Newly Discovered Disease of Mango in Hainan

作　　者：杨济徽 李鹏[2] 张龙[2] 曾宇[2] 杨叶[1] 范咏梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学环境与植物保护学院,海口570228 [2]海南省植保植检站,海口570203

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2016年第2期50-55,60,共7页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAK01B05);海南省标准化项目(2012-004);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目"南梵区生物安全监测预警及控制关键技术研究与示范"(201403075)资助

摘　　要：2014年5月，在海南省乐东县、东方市、三亚市等卡亡果主产区，发现一种卡亡果生长期的果实新病害，主要为害果实，对叶片、果柄等也有影响。观察其田间发病情况与症状，并依据科赫法则分离病原菌、培养和回接，结合病原菌生物学特性以及分子生物学鉴定。结果表明，该病害使忙果果实上产生圆形或近圆形表面开裂突起斑点，有时渗出透明黏液，黏液流经斑点处出现黑色小点，严重时病斑合并呈不规则形，病斑未深入果肉。该菌菌落培养初期呈灰白色放射状圆形，后期产生黑褐色素，菌丝变为黑色；培养皿背面颜色由蓝黑色变为黑色。未成熟孢子无色、单胞、近卵形，分生孢子大小为（1．7286-9．8785）μm×（1．5937-6．6502）μm；成熟孢子暗褐色、双胞，大小为（9．5235-14．4462）μm×（2．2137-6．1555）μm；分生孢子器扁圆形，产孢体褐色。将其rDNA-28S和rDNA—ITS序列经BLAST搜索比对，结合形态学观察，初步鉴定该病害的病原菌为Botryosphaeriaceae科Lasiodiplodiasp．。该病原菌致丰亡果生长期病害为国内首次报道。A new type of fruit disease in mango was discovered in May,2014 in the Ledong,Dongfang,Sanya and other main mango production regions of Hainan.It mainly damaged the fruit,also affected leaves,pedicels.To identify the pathogenic bacteria of this new disease,the field infection situation and symptoms was observed.The pathogen was isolated,cultured,and tie-back tested according the Koch＇s postulates,also identified by combining the pathogen biology and molecular biology.The results indicated that pathogen produced round or nearly round cracking spot on the surface of the fruit,sometimes seeping the transparent mucus,then forming black dots.When the disease became serious,disease spot merged into irregular shape but did not penetrate through the peel into pulp.The colony of pathogenic bacteria presented white radial circular at the beginning of culture,and produced dark brown pigment and mycelium turned black in the late stage of the culture.Immature spores were colorless,subovate and single cell with a size of（1.728 6-9.878 5）μm×（1.593 7-6.650 2）μm.The mature spores were dark brown with two cells.Its size was（9.523 5-14.446 2）μm×（2.213 7-6.155 5）μm.Pycnidium was oval and gleba was brown.This pathogen was preliminary identified as Botryosphaeriaceae family Lasiodiplodia sp.by GenBank search and comparison with the sequences of rDNA-28 Sand rDNA-ITS by BLAST,combining with morphology observation.This pathogen caused disease in mango during fruit growing period was first reported in China.

关 键 词：杧果 病原 鉴定 分子生物学Lasiodiplodia sp. 

分 类 号：S436.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]