农民工职业获得与职业工资差异分析  

Migrant Workers' Occupation and Professional Wage Gap Analysis

作　　者：李强[1] 熊美[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业经济与管理》2016年第2期55-66,共12页Agricultural Economics and Management

摘　　要：利用1998~2011年CHNS数据,从就业机会与工资回报角度,实证分析我国农民工职业类型、职业工资差异及其决定因素。结果表明,我国农民工的职业多为普通工人,东部就业率大于中西部,其中管理人员在东部就业的机率较大,西部地区利于服务人员就业,中部利于专业人员就业。教育是影响职业获得及职业工资差异的关键因素,教育层次越高,高收入职业就业率越高,教育工资回报越大。低收入职业中,非国有部门的工资明显高于国有部门,但国有部门提供更多高收入职业的就业机会。东部工资水平明显高于中西部,低收入职业的区域工资差异更大。Oaxaca分解表明,职业工资差异主要由特征差异解释,特征差异随时间逐渐增大,教育水平拉大农民在两类职业上的就业概率与工资差距,性别歧视对获得职业及获取工资有重大影响。Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey（CHNS） data collected from1998 to 2011, thispaper studied the main factors that affected the migrant workers＇ occupational attainment and wage gap inChina. The results showed most rural migrant engaged in low-income jobs, and the employment rate of ruralmigrant in eastern region was greater than that of the midwest region. What＇s more, a comparison by regionshowed that there was higher employment rate for managerial workers in eastern region, for service worker inwest region and professional and technical workers in central region. The education was the key factorinfluencing the occupational attainment and wage differential, more educated people had a high employmentrate in high-income occupation and receive higher wages in return. In low-income occupation, thenon-state sector wage was obviously higher than the state sector wage, but the state sector offered moreopportunities in high-income job. The wage of workers in eastern region is higher than the midwest region,the regional wage differential was greater for low-income job than high-income job. Oaxaca decompositionalso showed that wage gap in different occupations was mainly explained by the individual characteristicdifference, and the impact of individual characteristic difference was increased over time. Especially theeducation variable widen the gap in wage and employment probability between high-income occupation andlow-income occupation.

关 键 词：农民工 职业分布 工资差异 CHNS 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]