重载货车车轮辐板疲劳损伤研究  

Fatigue Damage of Wheel Web Plate of Heavy Haul Freight Car

作　　者：杨广雪[1] 石晓玲[1] 肖楠 李强[1] 薛海[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044 [2]中国铁道科学院标准计量研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2016年第2期85-90,共6页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1134201);国家"八六三"计划项目(2012AA112001;2012AA112002);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2011JBM287)

摘　　要：为了揭示重载货车车轮在热处理过程中产生的残余应力对车轮辐板损伤的影响规律,采用有限元软件ANSYS模拟C80型敞车车轮热处理过程中的残余应力分布,发现车轮轮辋外圆角处的残余应力为拉应力;轮辋内圆角、轮毂外圆角和轮毂内圆角处的残余应力为压应力;将热处理产生的残余应力作为初始应力,综合考虑重载货车车轮在大秦线全程运行中产生的踏面制动热应力和轮轨机械应力,基于疲劳损伤累计理论计算车轮辐板的疲劳损伤量。结果表明:与不考虑残余应力相比,考虑残余应力时,车轮轮辋内圆角、轮毂外圆角和轮毂内圆角处的疲劳损伤量小,而轮辋外圆角处的疲劳损伤量大,前者说明热处理过程中形成的残余压应力与制动过程中产生的压应力叠加后可以有效抑制轮轨机械应力引起的车轮辐板疲劳损伤,后者说明热处理过程中形成的残余拉应力则会加速车轮辐板的损伤;轮辋外圆角处是车轮辐板的相对薄弱位置。In order to reveal the influence rule caused by residual stress in heat treatment process on wheel web plate damage of heavy haul freight car,the residual stress distribution in the heat treatment of C80 gondola wheel was simulated using finite element software ANSYS.It was found that the residual stress of the outer round corner of wheel rim was tensile stress.The residual stress of the inner round corner of wheel rim,the outer round corner of wheel hub and the inner round corner of wheel hub was compressive stress.Then,the residual stress during heat treatment was taken as the initial stress.The thermal stress of wheel tread braking and wheel-rail mechanical stress in the whole course operation of heavy haul freight car on Datong-Qinhuangdao line were comprehensively considered.Based on fatigue damage accumulation theory,the fatigue damage of wheel web plate was calculated.The results show that,in contrast with not considering residual stress,the fatigue damage of the inner round corner of wheel rim,the outer round corner of wheel hub and the inner round corner of wheel hub is smaller when considering residual stress,but the fatigue damage of the outer round corner of wheel rim is larger.The former shows the fatigue damage of wheel web plate caused by wheel-rail mechanical stress can be effectively suppressed when the residual stress caused by heat treatment process and braking process is superimposed.The latter indicates that the residual tensile stress formed during heat treatment process will accelerate the fatigue damage of wheel web plate.What is more,the outer round corner of wheel rim is the relatively weak position of wheel web plate.

关 键 词：重载货车 车轮辐板 疲劳损伤 残余应力 热应力 机械应力 使用寿命 

分 类 号：U270.331[机械工程—车辆工程] U270.12[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]