北极水域航行中港口国控制的适用与国家实践  

The Application and State Practice of Port States Control for Arctic Shipping Governance

作　　者：白佳玉[1] 李俊瑶[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法政学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第2期25-32,共8页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"我国权益视角下的北极航行法律问题研究"(12CFX094);国家社科基金重点项目"国际法视角下的中国北极航线战略研究"(13AZD084);国家社科基金一般项目"北极航线与中国国家利益的法学研究"(14BFX124)

摘　　要：伴随北极冰的融化,北极蕴藏的丰富自然资源与航道的开通使得更多的商船取道北极航线。鉴于北极航线特殊的地理位置及水域环境,单纯依靠船旗国管辖将无法保证北极航行船舶、船员与航行操作符合一般接受的国际标准。来源于港口国管辖权的港口国控制(PSC)制度可弥补船旗国管辖的不足,辅助船旗国监督北极航行船舶的作业,杜绝低标准船舶的航行。港口国之间的区域协作可防止重复检查、提升检查质量与效率等,是港口国控制有效实施的最佳方案。目前北冰洋沿岸国尚未制定"港口国控制北冰洋备忘录",可行的港口国控制手段为联合欧亚港口国,尤其重视港口国巴黎备忘录与东京备忘录国家间的交流与合作,发挥港口国控制的最优效能。Compared with traditional flag state control,port state control is a significant mechanism in that it is the last line of defense for the good governance of global shipping.Port state control（PSC）can help remove the substandard vessels out of shipping market,and protect the marine environment and lower the incidence of shipwrecks;besides,PSC can improve crews＇ working conditions.The development trends of PSC are manifested in its importance along with the cooperation necessity among various states in the world.With the excessive exploitation of the Arctic,in order to protect the fragile Arctic marine environment,and manage shipping and fishing activities in the Arctic,the application of PSC is indispensable for the Arctic governance.The Northern Sea Route connects European and Asian continents,the management of shipping and fishing activities in this area cannot rely solely on the European or Asian PSC respectively.Since the cooperation in different regional PSC particularly in the Arctic is feasible,it is necessary to join the PSC of Europe and Asia,especially attach importance to the cooperation between the Paris MOU and Tokyo MOU,thereby ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness of the supervision,and then realizing the great contributions by PSC.

关 键 词：北极航行 港口国控制 东京备忘录 巴黎备忘录 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]