某电动客车铆接铝车身蒙皮开裂问题的研究  

A Research on the Skin Cracking Problem of the Riveted Aluminum Body in an Electric Bus

作　　者：王明庆 

机构地区：[1]比亚迪汽车工业有限公司汽车工程研究院,深圳518118

出　　处：《汽车工程》2016年第3期385-389,共5页Automotive Engineering

摘　　要：针对经分析认为是因车身刚度不足导致的某电动客车试制车铆接铝合金车身中部乘客门上方蒙皮开裂的问题,通过刚度灵敏度分析,找到对车身刚度影响较大的区域,结合改进方案的可实施性,对车身局部结构进行加强。结果车身弯曲刚度提高11.1%,扭转刚度提高20.6%。对开裂蒙皮附近接头受力情况的分析表明,车身加强后接头满足强度要求。车身模态分析显示,加强后车身固有频率避开了路面激励频率,1阶弯曲模态和1阶扭转模态的频率差值避免了它们的耦合。改进后的实车试验未再出现蒙皮开裂问题,证明了改进方案的有效性,为同类问题的解决提供了理论依据。Aiming at the cracking problem of body skin above the middle passenger door of a trail produced electric bus with riveted aluminum body due to insufficient body stiffness ascertained by analysis,the areas having more effects on body stiffness are located by sensibility analysis,and combined with the realizability of improving scheme,the local structures of bus body are strengthened. As a result,the bending stiffness and torsional stiffness of bus body increase by 11. 1% and 20. 6% respectively. An analysis on the loading conditions of joints around cracked skin indicates that these joints meet strength requirement after body is strengthened,and a modal analysis show that the natural frequency of bus body is much higher than road excitation frequency,and the frequency difference between 1st order bending mode and 1st order torsion mode avoid their coupling. The skin crack no longer happens in the test on the bus with strengthened body,demonstrating the effectiveness of improving scheme. The study provides a theoretical basis for solving similar problem.

关 键 词：电动客车 铝合金车身 蒙皮开裂 刚度分析 灵敏度分析 模态分析 

分 类 号：U463.82[机械工程—车辆工程]