α2-巨球蛋白的特性与功能  

Characteristics and function of α2-macroglobulin

作　　者：皇甫超济 吕茂民[1] 马玉媛[1] 赵雄[1] 章金刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院野战输血研究所,北京100850

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2016年第2期217-222,共6页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

基　　金：国家863计划资助项目(2012AA021902);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(7162140)

摘　　要：α2-巨球蛋白(α2-M)是1种大分子糖蛋白,广泛存在于脊椎动物及非脊椎动物的体液中,属于巨球蛋白超家族的一员;其由4个相同的单体组成的同源四聚体,每个单体均含有5个功能区域,这决定了其特性及生物学功能。α2-M能够广泛参与机体的生理及病理活动,其最基本的功能是作为广谱蛋白酶抑制剂以清除内源性及外源性蛋白酶,同时它能够与一些重要的细胞因子,如碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(b FGF)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、神经生长因子(NGF)等,结合并调节其生物活性。有研究显示α2-M也具有抗辐射、抑制肿瘤及参与凝血平衡等作用。除此之外,α2-M还能够作为诊断或预测某些疾病的生物标记物。对α2-M生物特性及制备工艺研究的深入将有助于推进α2-M在临床的应用。α2-Macroglobulin （α2-M） is a large molecular weight glycoprotein and belongs to alpha macroglobulin super- family. It is present in body fluids of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Each α2-M consists of four subunits, known as tet- tamer. Each subunit of α2-M has five functional areas which determine its characteristics and biological functions, α2-M can participate in physiological and pathological activities widely, of which eliminating both endogenous and exogenous proteases as a broad spectrum inhibitor of protease is primarily known. Moreover, α2-M can bind with several cytokines, including basic broblast growth factor （ bFGF）, interleukin-1β （ IL-1β ）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, and nerve growth factor （NGF）, and regulate their biological activities. Studies indicated that α2-M has anti-radiation and antitumor functions, and is involved in coagulation regulation. In addition, ot2-M can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of some diseases. Further study on biological characteristics and preparation of a2- M can contribute to its application in clinical area.

关 键 词：Α2-巨球蛋白 大分子糖蛋白 蛋白酶抑制剂 生物活性调节 抗辐射 生物标记物 血液制品 

分 类 号：Q513.2[生物学—生物化学] R456[医药卫生—治疗学]