木芙蓉不同时期花的结构变化研究  

Study on Structural Change on Different Periods of Hibiscus mitabilis L.

作　　者：陈文婷[1] 李慧灵[1] 肖强[1,2] 卜贵军[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]湖北民族学院林学园艺学院,湖北恩施445000 [2]湖北民族学院生物资源保护与利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2016年第7期50-54,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31260057);湖北省教育厅自科基金资助项目(B2013077);湖北民族学院林学一级学科资助项目;湖北民族学院大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(201210517027)

摘　　要：以木芙蓉的花为试材,采用扫描电镜观察的方法,研究了初花期、花蕾期、盛花期、花末期4个不同时期对木芙蓉微形态结构的影响,以期揭示木芙蓉花外部和内部更为详尽准确的结构特征。结果表明:花萼上表皮细胞表面较规整,表面长柄腺毛密集,且呈丛生分枝状。花萼下表皮,细胞排列整齐,细胞表面凹凸不平,细胞形状不规则呈多边形,长柄腺毛比上表皮少,且成单生状,腺毛上有明显突起物。花冠上表皮在初花期无腺毛,只有少量成长发育中的短柄腺毛,细胞排列紧凑,细胞表面凹凸不平,细胞成不规则多边形。花冠下表皮无长柄腺毛,但有短柄腺体,细胞形态变化不大,细胞排列整齐。木芙蓉花柱头上的乳突细胞分化形成大量多细胞的毛状体,排列紧密,间隙小,分布无一定规则,但花末期细胞形态变化较大,分化较明显。花柱上布满表皮毛,其中初花期花柱上的表皮毛稀疏、较短,花末期稠密、较长,盛花期和花末期花柱和柱头上附着较多的花粉粒。初花期雌蕊中子房上的表皮毛稀疏、较短,花末期稠密、较长,另外盛花期和花末期胚珠较初花期明显增大。Taking flower of Hibiscus mitabilis L.as test material,the micro morphological structure in the early flowering period,flower bud period,full flowering period,and end flowering period were investigated by the scanning electron microscopy to reveal the accurate external and internal structure characteristics of Hibiscus mitabilis L.flowers.The results showed that,long handle trichomes were density,with component branch.The cells of calyx lower epidermis at 4different periods arranged in neat rows and the cell surface was concave and convex.Pilose with long handle trichomes were less than the epidermis.Glandular hairs on flower early blooming stage were less,and more curl.In the flowering stage,there were no corolla piloses and glandular hairs on epidermis.There was only a small amount of short handle trichomes growing.The cell surface was uneven and polygon cells irregular.Corolla under the skin had no long handle trichomes,but had short stipitate glands.There was little change in cell morphology and cells arrange in neat rows.The mastoid cells of the stigma differentiated into multicellular trichomes.Cell morphology changed greatly in flower stage.And the differentiation of the mastoid cell was more obvious.The style was covered with trichomes,the style of the epidermis in the flowers early was sparse and short.But in the flower stage was dense and long.Style and stigma in the florescence and the end flowering were attached to a more pollen grains.The epidermal hair in the ovary in the flowers early was sparse and short.But in flower stage was dense and long.The ovule significantly increased in the early flowering more than in the flowering stage and the late flowering period.

关 键 词：木芙蓉花 不同时期 扫描电镜 

分 类 号：S685.99[农业科学—观赏园艺]