大垄双行不同种植密度下切块与整薯播种对‘垦薯1号’马铃薯植物学性状和产量的影响  

Effects on Plant Traits and Yield of 'Kenshu 1' of Cut Versus Whole Seed Planted in Various Densities in Large Ridge Two-lines Planting Pattern

作　　者：尤晗 金光辉[1] 刘喜才[2] 高幼华 姜丽丽[1] 冯玉钿 王腾[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院克山分院,黑龙江克山161600

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2016年第2期87-92,共6页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：黑龙江省学位与研究生教育教学改革研究项目(JGXM_HLJ_2013082);东北地区马铃薯标准化;机械化生产技术集成与示范(2012BAD06B02)

摘　　要：小整薯播种是未来马铃薯机械化生产的趋势。试验以马铃薯新品种‘垦薯1号’为研究对象,110 cm大垄垄上双行种植,采用切块播种和整薯播种2种种植模式,每种模式下设9个处理,分别为3个行距(垄上2行之间的间距):15,20和25 cm,3个株距:15,20和25 cm。经过试验发现整薯播种与切块播种相比出苗期提前1~3 d;株高、茎粗小于切块播种,但是单位面积内主茎数增多;植株鲜重和干重都小于切块播种,植株的干鲜重比高于切块播种;单株结薯数整薯播种平均比切块播种增多18.34%;整薯播种的商品薯率都低于切块播种,产量除处理15×20外都高于切块播种,处理25×25、25×20、20×20的整薯播种比切块播种产量分别高出43.00%,31.73%,40.59%,且差异显著,处理15×25产量高出48.36%,差异极显著。整薯播种和切块播种产量最高处理分别为36 473和29 263 kg/hm^2。Using the whole seed for planting is a trend for mechanization production of potatoes. In this experiment, two planting patterns of planting cut seed versus whole seed, each pattern including nine treatments, i.e. three levels of line spacing in a large ridge of 110 cm （15, 20 and 25 cm） and three levels of plant spacing in the line （15, 20 and 25 cm）, were tested using a newly developed potato variety ＇Kenshu 1＇ as planting material. Using the whole seed for planting advanced emergence date by 1-3 days compared with planting cut seed, but plant height and stem diameter were small. However, stem number per unit area was higher. For planting the whole seed, plant fresh weight and dry weight was less, but the ratio of dry to fresh weight was higher than planting cut seed. Tuber number per plant was higher in the whole seed than cut seed, increasing on average by 18.34%, but with lower marketable tuber percentage. For tuber yield, using the whole tuber as seed produced higher yield except the treatment of 15 × 20. The yield of treatments of 25 ×25, 25 20 and 20 × 20 in the whole seed increased by 43.00%, 31.73% and 40.59%, respectively, when compared with corresponding planting pattern in cut seed, and the difference was statistically significant. For the treatment of 15 × 25, highly significantly difference was found, with an increase of 48.36%. The highest tuber yield was 36 473 and 29 263 kg/ha, respectively, for planting the whole seed and cut seed.

关 键 词：马铃薯 种植密度 播种方式 植株性状 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]