轻型汽油车尾气PM2.5的排放特征  

Emission Profile of Exhaust PM_(2.5) from Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles

作　　者：李宇飞[1] 李振华[1] 胡京南[1] 鲍晓峰[1] 何立强[1] 谭吉华[2] 祖雷[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国科学院大学资源环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2016年第4期503-508,共6页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201409013);国家自然科学基金项目(50808169);北京市科技计划项目(Z121100000312035)

摘　　要：为研究轻型汽油车尾气PM2.5的排放特征,利用整车测试台架和颗粒物稀释采样系统,对12辆轻型汽油车尾气的PM2.5进行了采集,并进一步分析了PM2.5排放因子及其碳质组分——OC（有机碳）和EC（元素碳）的排放特征;在此基础上,参考文献研究结果,计算了我国轻型汽油车分阶段PM2.5排放因子,结合活动水平数据估算轻型汽油车PM2.5排放量.结果表明：测试的国Ⅰ前～国Ⅳ轻型汽油车PM2.5平均排放因子分别为（73.2±3.8）（50.5±45.4）（34.7±18.4）（22.6±10.3）和（1.0±0.2）mg/km,随排放阶段升级而显著降低.OC是轻型汽油车尾气PM2.5中的主要碳质组分,在TC（总碳）中所占比例超过90%.2012年我国轻型汽油车PM2.5排放量为21 828.7 t,占机动车颗粒物排放总量的3.5%,其中仅占轻型汽油车保有量17%的国Ⅰ及以前车辆排放了约43%的PM2.5.研究显示,轻型汽油车尤其是国Ⅰ及国Ⅰ前车辆颗粒物排放不容忽视,在机动车颗粒物减排工作中应给予足够重视.Particulate matter emissions from gasoline vehicles have been left unnoticed for a long time. With the constant growth in population of gasoline vehicles in China,their contribution to ambient PM2.5should be paid more attention to. To investigate the emission profile of exhaust PM2.5of gasoline vehicles,PM2.5from twelve light-duty gasoline vehicles（ LDGVs） was sampled on a vehicle test bench and with a particle dilution and sampling system. Emission factors of PM2.5and the profile of carbonaceous fraction（ e. g.,organic carbon,OC and elemental carbon,EC） were further analyzed. Meanwhile,literature investigation was also carried out to determine the PM2.5emission factors of China＇s LDGVs by emission standards,so that by integrating the activity data the PM2.5emission amount of LDGVs could be estimated. The results showed that the average PM2.5emission factors of Pre-China Ⅰ,China Ⅰ,China Ⅱ,China Ⅲ and China Ⅳ LDGVs were（ 73. 2 ± 3. 8）（ 50. 5 ± 45. 4）（ 34. 7 ± 18. 4）（ 22. 6 ± 10. 3） and（ 1. 0 ± 0. 2）mg/km,respectively,which shows a clear decline in emissions with the enhancement of emission standards. In terms of carbonaceous fraction,OC was the main component,accounting for more than 90% of the TC by mass. In 2012,the amount of PM2.5emitted by LDGVs in China was 21,828. 7 tons,which accounted for 3. 5% of the total PM emitted by vehicles. In addition,43% of the PM2.5emitted by LDGVs came from the Pre-China I and China I LDGVs that only had a share of 17% of the total population. The investigation implies that LDGVs,especially Pre-China Ⅰ and ChinaⅠ LDGVs,emitted considerable particle matters,which should be taken into account in the prevention and control of motor vehicles＇ particle emissions.

关 键 词：汽油车 排放因子 细颗粒物(PM2.5) 有机碳 元素碳 

分 类 号：X515[环境科学与工程—环境工程]