转Bt基因水稻残留秸秆对农田底栖动物的影响  

Effects of Remaining Bt-Transgenic Rice Straws on Benthos Communities in Fields

作　　者：刘方[1] 蒋万祥[2] 李俊生[1] 梁玉勇 刘勇波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]枣庄学院生物科学学院,山东枣庄277160 [3]江西农业科学研究院植物保护研究所,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2016年第4期522-528,共7页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：农业部转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项(2012ZX08011002);国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201309038);中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室自主研究课题基金项目

摘　　要：为研究转Bt基因水稻秸秆残留对稻田内底栖动物的潜在影响,利用转Bt基因水稻＂华恢1号＂及其亲本＂明恢63＂的秸秆进行稻田填埋试验,分析转Bt基因水稻秸秆中Bt蛋白对秸秆分解和底栖动物多样性的影响.结果表明：①在填埋的水稻秸秆上共发现223个底栖动物,分属9个科,其中,在转Bt基因和非转基因水稻秸秆上均发现7个科.②秸秆种类和秸秆填埋时间对底栖动物丰度、物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、辛普森优势集中性指数（Simpson diversity index）和Pielou均匀度指数均无明显影响.③转Bt基因和非转基因水稻秸秆剩余率均随着填埋时间的延长而逐渐降低,填埋7周后,两种类型秸秆剩余率平均值均为44.0%,二者之间无明显差异.④在填埋的7周内,转Bt基因水稻秸秆中w（Bt蛋白）平均值为1.99～3.04μg/g,7周后为2.04μg/g.研究显示,稻田残留的转Bt基因水稻秸秆对底栖动物多样性无显著影响.To detect the potential effects of Bt-transgenic rice straws remaining in fields on benthos communities,transgenic Cry1Ab/Ac rice ＂Huahui-1 ＂ and its non-transgenic parent rice ＂Minghui-63 ＂ were buried in paddy fields for seven weeks. We analyzed the differences of biodiversity indices of benthos communities and decomposition rate between Bt-transgenic and non-transgenic rice straws.The concentration of Bt（ Cry1Ab/Ac） protein in transgenic rice straws was measured using a quantified ELISA method. 1） In total,223 benthos were found on all Bt-transgenic and non-transgenic rice straws,and the benthic species belonged to nine families. Seven families were found on Bt rice straws and on non-Bt rice straws. 2） Neither the rice straw type nor the harvest time had an effect on benthos abundance and species number,the Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson diversity index or Plelou evenness of benthos communities. 3） The percentage of residual straws decreased with buried time,and was not significantly different between Bt-transgenic and non-transgenic rice straws; both Bt-transgenic and non-transgenic rice straws remained at 44. 0% of dry weight after being buried seven weeks in the field. 4）The average concentration of Bt protein in transgenic rice straws varied between 1. 99-3. 04 μg/g during the bury period; the Bt protein content in transgenic rice straws had no significant difference among five harvesting times and was 2. 04 μg/g after being buried seven weeks. These results showed that Bt-transgenic rice had no obvious effect on the biodiversity of benthos communities.

关 键 词：转BT基因水稻 底栖动物群落 填埋试验 物种多样性 BT蛋白 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]