3D打印在医学领域的应用进展  

Application progress of three-dimensional printing in medical field

作　　者：邓滨[1] 欧阳汉斌[1] 黄文华[1] 

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学基础医学院解剖教研室,广东广州510515

出　　处：《中国医学物理学杂志》2016年第4期389-392,共4页Chinese Journal of Medical Physics

基　　金：广东省科技重大专项(2015B010125005);广州市科技计划项目(2014J4100153);中国南方智谷引进创新团队项目(2015CXTD05)

摘　　要：三维(3D)打印出现于20世纪90年代,最初应用于模具制造、工业设计等领域。随着打印材料的研发和控制技术的完善,其应用越来越广泛。相较于传统制造技术,3D打印在小批次、设计复杂的物件制造上具有成本和效率优势,这也使得3D打印技术在医学领域中拥有极佳的应用前景。本文简述了3D打印技术的相关概念并综述了3D打印技术在医学领域中四个方面的应用:辅助外科手术,如打印3D模型辅助医生进行术前规划,打印手术导板等;打印个性化医疗器械,如打印助听器、义肢、义齿、新型给药系统和个性化内植入物等;应用于组织工程,如打印组织工程支架以及生物3D打印技术等;应用于医学教育和基础科研,如打印3D模型用于临床教学或者解剖教学,打印3D实体模型用于生物力学研究以及3D打印人工组织器官用于药物测试和肿瘤研究等。最后总结了现有3D打印技术的不足之处,并对其在医学领域的发展前景做出展望。The three- dimensional（3D） printing was created in the 1990 s and initially applied in mould manufacturing,industrial design and other fields. With the development of printed materials and control technology, 3D printing has been used more and more widely. For the products which are complex to design and produced in small quantity, the 3D printing shows greater advantages than traditional manufacture in the cost and effectiveness, which also make 3D printing have the excellent application prospect in the medical field. Some related concepts about 3D printing and the application in four aspects of medical field were introduced in the paper. The first application of 3D printing was surgical assist, such as printing 3D models to assist doctors in making preoperative planning, and printing surgical template; another one was printing customized medical devices, such as printing hearing aids, prostheses, dentures, new drug delivery systems,customized implantable medical devices. Besides, 3D printing was used in tissue engineering, such as printing scaffolds for tissue engineering, 3D bioprinting technology and so on. 3D printing was also applied in the domains of medical education and basic scientific research, for instance, printing 3D models for clinical education and anatomic teaching, printing 3D entity models for biomechanical research, and printing artificial tissues and organs for drug test, cancer research and so on.Finally, the deficiencies of the existing 3D printing technology were summarized and a development prospect of 3D printing in the medical field was given.

关 键 词：三维打印 计算机辅助手术 定制化医疗器械 组织工程 

分 类 号：R319[医药卫生—基础医学]