客车发动机舱火灾燃烧特性模拟研究  

Study on combustion characteristics of engine compartment of buses

作　　者：杜建华[1] 涂然[1] 皇甫趁心 张认成[1] 

机构地区：[1]华侨大学机电及自动化学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2016年第4期455-460,共6页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51506059);福建省科技计划重点项目(2013H0028);华侨大学博士启动项目(15BS311)

摘　　要：分析客车发动机舱火灾成因,建立了与实际客车发动机舱等尺寸的火灾模拟实验平台。采用油盘燃烧和加热热解两种方式对发动机舱内部易起火位置进行火灾模拟实验。实时采集火灾发生过程中的温度、红外、CO和烟颗粒浓度等火灾特征参量。分析火灾从发生至发展过程中的特征参量的变化规律,对比发动机舱油气及粉尘工作环境后表面污损情况对红外探头的影响。分析冬季、夏季发动机舱温度变化曲线及温度变化率,客车正常运行时发动机舱内的温度变化率均不会超过0.5℃/s,而发动机舱发生火灾初期其温度变化率已经达到2.0℃/s。明确了多传感器融合判断的重要性。On the basis of analysis of the fire cause in engine compartment, the fire simulation engine compartment experi- ment platform with the actual size was established. The oil burning and heating pyrolysis fire experiments were adopted in- side the engine compartment. The fire was simulated by oil pool fire and heating pyrolysis. The characteristic parameters in fire process including temperature, IR, CO and smoke particle con- centration were real-time collected. The change rates of charac- teristic parameters in the process of fire from occurring to the development were analyzed. The optical probe of IR sensor was vulnerable under the oil gas and dust condition in engine com- partment. The temperature change and temperature change rate in engine compartment in summer and winter were analyzed. The temperature change rate in the engine compartment fire reached 2 ℃/s at the initial stage of the fires, while the change rates of temperature during normal operation was only within 0.5 ℃/s. The multi-sensor fusion fire detection of engine com- partment was important.

关 键 词：客车火灾 发动机舱 火灾实验 红外探头 温度变化率 传感器 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TK121[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]