竞技足球团队专项共享心智模型的混合研究  

A Mixed Study on Soccer Team's Shared Mental Models From Chinese Soccer League of Class A

作　　者：邓卫权[1] 杨杰[2] 程浩[3] 

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学体育学院,江西南昌330013 [2]江西财经大学创新与战略人力资源管理研究中心,江西南昌330032 [3]华东交通大学基础科学学院,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2016年第1期1-5,56,共6页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号71161009);国家体育总局体育哲学社会科学项目(项目编号:1608SS11016)

摘　　要：足球比赛要求11名场上队员在对抗、不确定和动态的环境中展示高度的默契与高效的协作以取得竞技优胜。这种特点与独特的比赛规则决定了足球队员的共享心智模型有别于其他球类项目。首先基于扎根理论范式,运用NVIVO 10软件,通过对29名足球业内人士的结构式问卷调查与分析,得出4种典型足球竞争情境下的制胜之略。然后,构照7点李克特量表,运用Krippendorff alpha系数、等级相关系数和Cohen效应量经验法则对2013年中甲12支足球队297名足球运动员对4种典型足球竞争情境制胜之略的认知进行剖析,结果发现:(1)中甲球队专项共享心智模型一致性水平较低;(2)中甲球队之间专项共享心智模型一致性水平并不存在显著的、质的差别;(3)中甲球队的专项共享心智模型与一致性水平和球队竞赛成绩相关较低。研究发现有助于部分解释当前中国足球竞技水平不高的真实原因。Soccer match involves 11 players from each team demonstrating perfect unison and high-efficiency collaborative behavior that requires specificroles in an adversarial,uncertain,and dynamic environment to outperform the rivals. Thus,the team shared mental models（TSMMs）for soccer teams deter-mined by this characteristic and unique competition rules are different from other ball sports. Based on grounded theory paradigm,this study applied NVIVO10 to analyze the qualitative data reported by 29 soccer experts and obtain the winning strategies under four typical soccer competition scenarios. Then a sce-nario test with seven-point Likert scale was created to explore the cognizance of the winning strategies adopted by 297 Soccer players from 12 Soccer teamsin Chinese Soccer League of Class A. The data were analyzed with Krippendorff-alpha,Spearman coefficient of rank correlation,and Cohen＇s Rules-of-Thumb for effect size. It was found that the consistence level of 12 soccer teams＇ shared mental models was lower. There are no statistical significance andqualitative difference in terms of the TSMMs＇ consistence level among 12 soccer teams. Moreover,the correlation between the consistence level of Soccerteam shared mental models and the final competition ranks is also lower in terms of the effect size. These finding help explain why the competition level re-mains low among the soccer teams in China.

关 键 词：足球团队 共享心智模型 扎根理论 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]