钦江流域土地利用/覆被变化对径流产沙的影响  

Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Change on Runoff and Sediment Yield of Qinjiang River Basin

作　　者：李鸿儒[1] 卢远[1] 何文[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西师范学院地理科学与规划学院北部湾环境演变与资源利用省部共建教育部重点实验室,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《中国水土保持》2016年第4期40-43,77,共4页Soil and Water Conservation in China

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2015GXNSFAA139234)

摘　　要：以钦江流域为研究对象,在GIS软件的支持下,构建研究区SWAT分布式水文模型,以径流和泥沙实测数据对模型进行校准和验证,结果显示相关系数R2高于0.9,Nash-Sutcliffe系数高于0.8,模型模拟精度较高。在固定天气因子等不变的情况下,基于1990、2008年两期土地利用数据,模拟研究区1968—2008年径流产沙过程,并分析土地利用/覆被变化对水文效应的影响,结果表明:1990—2008年土地利用变化主要表现为林地、水田面积减少,旱地、草地、水域和建设用地面积增加;与1990年土地利用情景相比,2008年土地利用情景下径流和输沙总量均增加,土地利用变化对产流影响较小,对产沙影响较显著;由土地利用变化引起的月均径流产沙变化量为汛期增幅大于非汛期;土地利用变化对枯水年径流产沙过程影响最大,平水年次之,丰水年影响最小。The paper built SWAT distributed hydrological model with the support of GIS software and by taking Qinjiang River basin as research object.It used the observed data of runoff and sediment to calibrate and validate the model,showing the correlation coefficient R^2 exceeding0.9,Nash-Suttcliffe coefficient exceeding 0.8 and the simulation precision of the model was higher.It simulated the processes of runoff and sediment production of the studied area and analyzed the influence of land use and land cover changes to the hydrological effect in the period of 1968- 2008 based on two groups of land use data in 1990 and 2008 under the conditions of fixed weather factor.The outcomes show that a) the land use changes during 1990- 2008 are mainly on the aspects of the area reduction of woodland and paddy field and the area increase of dry land,grass land,water and construction;b) comparing with land use situation in 1990,the total runoff and sediment under the conditions of land use in 2008 are all increased.The influence of land use variation to the runoff yield is smaller but more obvious to the sediment production;c) the variation of monthly mean runoff and sediment caused by the changes of land use in flood season is greater than that of in non-flood season and;d) the influence of land use change to the processes of runoff and sediment yield in a dry year is the maximum,then the normal year and the minimum effect in a wet year.

关 键 词：SWAT 土地利用类型 水文效应 钦江流域 

分 类 号：P333.4[天文地球—水文科学]