稳定同位素检验推断生物物证供体的生活时空信息  

Inferring the Donor's Living Spatial-temporal Information by Stable Isotope Analysis of the Biological Evidence

作　　者：梅宏成[1] 朱军[1] 权养科[1] 王桂强[1] 

机构地区：[1]公安部物证鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《刑事技术》2016年第2期87-92,共6页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：公安部物证鉴定中心基本科研业务费项目课题(No.2014JB006)

摘　　要：稳定同位素(C、H、O、N等)的分布具有一定的地域特征性,这种地域特征性可以通过食物、水、空气等多种途径在人的身体组织,如指甲、头发、牙齿、骨骼等中体现出来。对生物物证供体的人体组织进行稳定同位素检验分析,可以推断其生活时空信息。本文以指甲作为研究对象,通过稳定同位素检验初步探讨了国内两个不同城市——四川达州和陕西咸阳两市常住居民指甲中C、H、O、N稳定同位素比值特征,并利用所建立的方法对达州一起案件中死者的指甲进行了分析,结合两个城市的实验数据推断了死者生前可能的生活地域信息,验证了稳定同位素检验在生物物证供体生活时空信息推断中应用的可行性。稳定同位素数据分析和信息推断需建立在稳定同位素数据库的基础之上,本文探讨了人体组织中稳定同位素分析在生物物证供体生活时空信息推断中的作用,揭示了建立全国性的固定区域常住居民指甲、头发、牙齿、骨骼中稳定同位素数据库的重要意义。同时,稳定同位素检验在暴恐分子生活时空信息调查、未知名尸体身源推断、重大事故受害者身份确认等领域也具有广阔应用前景。The distribution of stable isotopes（C, H, O, N） has certain regional characteristics, which could be reflected in human tissues such as fingernails, hairs, teeth and bones by the metabolic products of food, water and air. The living spatialtemporal information of people involved in cases could be inferred by stable isotope analysis of their fingernails, hairs, teeth and bones. In this article, a preliminary study on the stable isotope ratios of C, H, O and N in fingernails of the inhabitants living in two different cities--Dazhou in Sichuan and Xianyang in Shanxi was performed by stable isotope technique. The method built was used to analyze the fingernails of an unidentified dead person involved in a case that happened in Dazhou. Based on the stable isotope dataset of the two cities, the living area of the dead person was inferred, the results confirmed that it is feasible to infer people＇s living spatial-temporal information through analyzing their tissues by relevant technique. Data analysis and information inference should be based on the stable isotope ratios of human tissues. This article discussed the roles of different human tissues in the living spatial-temporal information inference of people involved in cases, revealing the significance of establishing national database of stable isotope ratios of C, H, O and N in fingernails, hairs, teeth and bones. Stable isotope technique has a broad application prospect in researches of terrorist activities investigations, unidentified corpse source inference and identification of victims in catastrophe.

关 键 词：法庭科学 稳定同位素检验 生活时空信息 指甲 

分 类 号：DF794.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]