以色列的物证鉴定与研究（英文）  

Forensic Research in Israel

作　　者：约瑟夫.阿尔莫格 

机构地区：[1]耶路撒冷希伯来大学化学研究所卡萨里应用化学中心

出　　处：《刑事技术》2016年第2期128-136,共9页Forensic Science and Technology

摘　　要：本文包括八个部分。首先是引语,介绍写作目的和作者的恰当性。二是肇因,1974年,以色列发生"马阿洛特惨案",促使其建立起发展为今天的以色列国家犯罪调查实验室的前身组织,富有远见的首任实验室主任迈耶·卡普兰迅速将实验室打造成由包括化学、生物学、地质学、工程学等方面的专家和大学毕业生组成的科学机构。三是科研的开始,科研既是物证鉴定的实际需要,也是吸引和维持一支高水平专业技术队伍的条件,同时又是与国际同行进行交流的前提。但以色列作为一个小国,发展大而全的科研与开发不适宜,故需有所为,有所不为。研究的重点是基于现实亟需性的唯我先行的完全自主创新,而不是模仿性的改进完善和同类添加。这种实践使得以色列很快在比如爆炸物分析等方面成为世界的权威。另一策略是将研究分为长期和短期两类,前者通过与系统外(甚至国际间)的机构合作进行,后者则在本单位、本系统内解决。四是国际认可,所取得的具有开创性的领先科研成果通过在国际权威性物证鉴定学术期刊上发表,为以色列在爆炸物和麻醉品质谱分析、指纹检验、射击残留物测定等多个方面赢得了声誉,得到了包括世界一流物证鉴定组织机构的众多国际同行的认可,吸引了大量访问、学习和交流者,举办了与其相关的多种专业学术会议。五是建立并实施吸引和容留高素质年轻科研人员的"研究者梯级"制度,借鉴学术界的职称选拔与薪酬设计,建立与学术成就挂钩的"研究者梯级"薪资奖励机制,事业留人,待遇留人。六是实践和理论,继承发扬优良传统,注重物证鉴定科学的实践本质,坚持"物证鉴定科学不是起自于实验室而是现场"的理念,与时俱进,针对当今客观现实要求,推出并践行"主动作为的物证鉴定科学"新思维。七是实验室之外的物证鉴定科研,主要是�The following article has been written upon a request and invitation from the editorial office of the journal of Forensic Science and Technology. This overview includes eight consecutive sections. A preface, demonstrating the author＇s motivation and eligibility for writing this paper, is followed by the trigger that had given rise to the need for establishing the Israeli police crime lab, the predecessor of the present Israeli national crime lab. The Ma＇alot Massacre, which occurred in 1974, was one event compelling Israel to form such an organization. Meyer Kaplan, a man of vision and its long-standing first director, rapidly turned this new-established institution into a highly scientific one by recruiting university graduates specializing in various disciplines such as chemistry, biology, geology, engineering and others. The third section describes the beginning of forensic research in the unit. As any other rising field, research and development has been a crucial part in the advancement of the forensic science. But, more importantly, it is a device for attracting and maintaining a high- quality professional team of scientists, meanwhile providing an opportunity for interior as well as international academic collaborations with other peers and colleagues. However, Israel, a small country with limited resources, has never been able to conduct a full and comprehensive research which covers every topic, but, instead, confined itself to the most relevant and urgent fields of the day. This has led them to take on a more open-minded and original approach, rather than a mere ＂more of the same＂ one, shortly placing Israel as a world top-leading expert in certain specific areas, such as explosive analysis. The research has been divided into two types - a long term one in collaboration with external and international organizations, and a short-term, everyday research within the lab itself. The fourth section depicts how the international recognition had been gained. The innovative and original achievements of t

关 键 词：以色列 物证鉴定与研究 法庭科学 国家犯罪实验室 

分 类 号：DF794[政治法律—诉讼法学]