船舶-自升式海洋平台碰撞相似率研究  

Scale model tests with a similarity ratio during collision between ship and offshore Jack-up platform

作　　者：刘昆[1] 包杰[1,2] 王自力[1] Wang George 

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院,江苏镇江212003 [2]上海船舶设计研究院,上海200120 [3]美国船级社

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2016年第7期15-22,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51379093)

摘　　要：海洋平台作为海洋能源勘探开发的主要组成部分,是海洋油气探井、钻井、开采的主要作业基地,船舶碰撞致使平台结构损伤破坏一直是威胁海洋平台安全的主要因素之一,开展海洋平台碰撞性能研究,揭示平台结构在碰撞过程中的损伤变形机理,对提升平台安全性具有重要意义。评估平台结构耐撞性能最可靠的方法是实船碰撞试验,然而因其耗资巨大而不易开展。按一定相似关系进行比例模型试验成为现实条件下的首选。基于相似第二定理,运用量纲分析法推导船舶-自升式海洋平台碰撞过程中各物理量的相似关系,为平台碰撞模型试验的开展及试验参数的确定提供重要依据;结合有限元仿真技术,以平台典型的T型和K型管节点为研究对象,建立不同缩尺比下的简化碰撞模型,比较验证相似理论的可靠性;研究结果表明,缩尺模型在碰撞冲击载荷下的结构损伤变形、碰撞力和能量吸收等动态响应与实尺度模型结果一致性较好。研究成果可以为大型平台结构碰撞模型试验设计提供技术支撑。An offshore platform is one of the major means for offshore exploration,it is the main operating base for exploratory well,drilling and mining of offshore oil and gas. However,ship collision is a major risk to their safety. It is very important to understand structural behavior of an offshore platform subjected to ship collision. Full-scale ship collision test is the most reliable method to evaluate the collision resistance of a platform structure. But it is too expensive to be affordable. Therefore,a scale model test with a similarity ratio may be a good choice in reality. Based on the second similarity theory,the dimensional analysis was used to derive the similar relations among the various physical quantities during a ship-offshore jack-up platform collision, and to provide important data for the collision model tests and determining test parameters. Combined with finite element simulation technique,taking typical T type and K type joints in a platform as the study objects,simplified collision models were built in different scales to compare and verify the reliability of the similarity theory. The results showed that the dynamic responses, such as, structural damage deformation,collision force and energy absorption of scale models under impact load agree well with those of prototypes.The study results provided technical supports for collision model test design of large platform structures.

关 键 词：船舶碰撞 相似关系 量纲分析 数值仿真 模型试验设计 

分 类 号：P751[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]