工资差异与劳动力流动对经济的影响——以上市公司行业结构和产出为视角  

Impacts of Wage Differentials and Labour Mobility on the Economy: A Perspective of the Industry Structure and Outputs in Listed Companies

作　　者：柏培文[1] 张伯超[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2016年第2期47-60,127,共14页Chinese Journal of Population Science

摘　　要：文章以中国上市公司为研究对象,考察行业间工资差异引致的内在劳动力流动,以及在实现均衡工资状态下劳动力流动对行业结构和产出的影响。研究结果显示,上市公司各行业间存在的工资差异会导致行业劳动力的内在流动,在行业实现均衡工资的情况下,信息技术业、交通运输业、水电煤业、专用设备制造业一直处于劳动力流入状态,而农林牧渔业、纺织服装皮毛行业、批发零售业、食品饮料制造业、石油化工制造业则多表现为劳动力流出状态。其他行业劳动力流动方向不确定。在各年中,2002年劳动力流动占比较低,2007年劳动力流动占比增高,2011年则又出现下降。由于劳动力的流动,一些传统行业和污染性行业受到限制和压缩,一些技术性行业、生物行业和垄断经营行业得到发展,从而优化了行业结构,也使三大产业结构得到升级调整。劳动力的流动再配置提高了社会总产出。Focusing on listed companies, this paper examines labour mobility caused by industry wage differentials, and the impact of labour mobility on the industry structure and output in the condition of equilibrium wage. The results show that there are wage differences between industries in listed companies, and these differences lead to labor mobility. In the case of the industries to achieve the equilibrium wage, information technology industry, transportation industry, utility industry, special equipment manufacturing industry have been in a labour inflow state, while agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, textile and garment fur industry, wholesale and retail trade, food and beverage manufacturing, petrochemical manufacturing sector show more in a labour outflow state. Labour flow properties in other industries have shown uncertain characteristics in different years. The proportion of labour mobility was low in 2002, but it increased significantly in 2007 and decreased in 2011. Due to the flow of labour between industries, some traditional industries and polluting industries have been restricted and compression, while some technical, bio-industry and monopoly industries have developed to optimise the industry structure. It also leads the structure of primary, secondary and tertiary industries upgrading and adjusting. The total social output is improved by reallocation of labour mobility.

关 键 词：工资差异 劳动力流动 行业结构 产出增长 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]