沼液对狼尾草地土壤微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Biogas Slurry Application on the Soil Microorganisms of P.americanum×P.purpureum Grassland

作　　者：钟珍梅[1,2] 宋亚娜[3] 黄秀声[1,2] 游小凤[1,2] 翁伯琦[1,2] 黄勤楼[2,4] 陈钟佃[1,2] 冯德庆[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所,福建福州350003 [2]福建省丘陵地区循环农业工程技术研究中心,福建福州350003 [3]福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所,福建福州350003 [4]福建省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,福建福州350003

出　　处：《草地学报》2016年第1期54-60,共7页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD14B15;2011BAD17B02);福建省公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2014R1017-7);福建省水土保持重大专项(2012NZ0002)资助

摘　　要：为探明沼液浇灌对土壤肥力及微生物的影响,揭示沼液提高土壤肥力的机制,本文采用氯仿熏蒸法、荧光定量PCR(fluorescence quantitative PCR)和PCR-DGGE法研究不同梯度沼液浇灌量(折纯N量200,150,100,50kg N·hm-2)对狼尾草(P.americanum×P.purpureum)地土壤微生物的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,沼液浇灌能显著提高土壤微生物生物量N和C,且沼液浇灌量与微生物量N和C的增量显著相关。沼液浇灌还能显著增加细菌16SrDNA基因和真菌SSU rDNA基因丰度,其中200kg N·hm-2处理含16SrDNA基因和SSU rDNA基因的微生物数量最多,沼液浇灌量与土壤中含16SrDNA基因和SSU rDNA基因的微生物数量呈显著正相关,但显著降低固氮菌nifH的基因丰度。沼液浇灌人工草地对包括细菌、真菌和固氮菌在内的土壤微生物群落多样性无显著影响,可促进含16SrDNA基因和SSU rDNA基因的微生物繁殖,但在一定程度上会抑制含nifH基因的微生物的繁殖,改变土壤含16SrDNA基因、SSU rDNA基因和nifH基因的微生物数量。In order to reveal the effects of biogas slurry application on improving soil fertility,the change of soil microorganisms under different amounts of biogas slurry（equal to 200,150,100 and 50kg N·ha^-2pure N）application on Pennisetum.americanum×Pennisetum.purpureumgrassland was studied by chloroform fumigation,fluorescence quantitative PCR and PCR-DGGE methods based on field experiment.The results showed that soil microbial biomass C and N of 4treatments significantly increased by biogas slurry application compared to control,and there was a significant correlation between the slurry application amount and the increment of soil microbial biomass C and N.Biogas slurry significantly increased the abundance of 16 SrDNA and SSU rDNA gene which was significantly related with the application amount of biogas slurry,and the quantities of 16SrDNA-containing bacterial and SSU rDNA-containing fungi were the maximum in the treatment of containing 200 kg N·ha^-2 biogas slurry,while the abundance of nifHcontaining gene significantly decreased.As a result,it could conclude that the application of biogas slurry has no significant effect on the community diversity of soil bacteria,fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria,but promotes the growth of microorganisms containing 16 SrDNA gene and SSU rDNA genes,inhibits bacteri-al growth containing nifH gene,and changes the number of microorganisms.

关 键 词：沼液 细菌 真菌 固氮菌 基因丰度 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学]