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作 者:段玉[1] 张君[1] 王博[1] 栗艳芳[1] 莎娜[1] 姚俊卿[1]
机构地区:[1]内蒙古农牧业科学院资源环境与检测技术研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031
出 处:《北方农业学报》2016年第2期1-6,12,共7页Journal of Northern Agriculture
基 金:国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)北京办事处资助(BPC-IMAR potato-2012)
摘 要:为明确不同钾肥品种和施用时期对马铃薯产量和品质的影响,采用田间试验方法。研究结果表明:马铃薯施用钾肥均有增产效果,水浇地平均增产10.9%,雨养田平均增产12.7%。每kg钾肥(K_2O)平均增产马铃薯水地为19.5 kg,雨养田为29.8 kg。氯化钾、硫酸钾和硝酸钾三个钾肥品种对马铃薯的产量影响没有显著差异,施肥时期对产量的影响是基施>基追各半>追施,但三者差异甚微。施用钾肥马铃薯的比重有所增加,钾肥品种对比重的影响没有差异;施肥时期对比重的影响顺序为基肥>基追各半>追肥。施用钾肥马铃薯的炸薯片色值有降低的趋势,钾肥品种和施用时期对炸薯片色值影响不大。施用钾肥马铃薯的还原糖含量有所降低,还原糖含量下降的顺序依次为硫酸钾>氯化钾>硝酸钾,施肥时期无差异。施用钾肥马铃薯的淀粉含量有所提高,钾肥品种和施肥时期对马铃薯淀粉含量无影响。雨养田马铃薯施用钾肥的肥料利用率平均为37.1%,水浇地马铃薯施用钾肥的肥料利用率平均为37.7%,氯化钾略高于硝酸钾和硫酸钾,施肥时期以基施利用率最高,其次是基追各半,追肥效果较差。每生产1 t马铃薯需吸收K_2O水浇地为6.16 kg,雨养田为4.99 kg。This paper discussed the effects of potassium fertilizers varieties and potassium application stage on yield and quality of potato by field experiment. The results showed that potassium fertilizer application had yield-increasing effect on potato production. The yield-increasing effect had manifested as irrigable land 10.9% and rain-fed 12.7%. Muriate of potash, potassium sulphate and nitrate of potash did not have obvious different effect on potato output. The sequence of fertilizer application stage effect on output was basal application 〉half dressing and basal application 〉dressing with no obvious differences. The potassium fertilizer application could increase the proportion of potato which the sequence was basal application〉half dressing and basal application〉dressing and the fertilizer varieties had no difference for potato proportion. The potassium fertilizer application had decreased the color value of fries and content of reducing sugar, the sequence of reducing sugar was potassium sulphate 〉muriate of potash〉 nitrate of potash. In addition, the potassium fertilizer application also had increased the content of starch, but the potassium fertilizers varieties and potassium application stage had no obvious difference effect on content of starch and color value of fries. The fertilizer utilization was 37.1% for rain-fed potato and 37.3% for irrigable land potato. Muriate of potash application effect was higher than others in potassium fertilizers varieties aspect. In potassium application stage, the fertilizer utilization effect was basal application〉half dressing and basal application〉dressing. Finally, every tons of potato production need assimilate 6.16 kg K2O in irrigable land and 4.99 kg K2O in rain-fed land.
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