早产儿及低体质量儿视网膜疾病的发病率及影响因素  

Prevalence and influence factors of retinopathy in premature infants and term infants less than gestational age infants

作　　者：张学印[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学医学院附属威海医院眼科,山东省威海264200

出　　处：《中国基层医药》2016年第8期1244-1247,共4页Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy

摘　　要：目的：探索早产儿及低体质量儿视网膜病变（ ROP）发病率及相关危险因素。方法选择2014年1月至2015年1月于青岛大学医学院附属威海医院行眼底筛查的563例早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿为研究对象，对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 ROP 患病61例， ROP 发病率为10．83％。男性 ROP 发病率（10．68％）与女性ROP发病率（11．02％）比较差异无统计学意义（χ2＝1．045，P＞0．05）。而出生胎龄＞35周、31～34周、≤30周新生儿ROP发病率分别为1．53％、15．04％、35．71％，不同出生胎龄新生儿ROP发病率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2＝11．455，P＜0．05），且出生胎龄越小，ROP发病率越高。出生体质量＞2000 g、1500～2000 g、＜1500 g新生儿ROP发病率分别为5．83％、13．46％、32．61％，不同出生体质量ROP发病率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2＝10．733，P＜0．05），且出生体重越小，ROP发病率越高。机械通气和呼吸暂停与ROP发病率有密切相关性（χ2＝11．455、9．765，均P＜0．05）；而剖宫产、多胎、输血、胎膜早破等与ROP检查率无明显相关性（χ2＝0．732、1．175、1．542、1．782，均P＞0．05）。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析得出，早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿视网膜疾病的独立危险因素为新生儿出生胎龄、出生体质量、机械通气、呼吸暂停。结论出生胎龄、出生体质量及机械通气、呼吸暂停是ROP发生的危险因素，临床应给予高度重视，及时采取治疗措施以防止病变发展，改善患儿预后。Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy （ ROP） in premature infants and full term infants.Methods 563 premature infants and full term infants in Weihai Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University from January 2014 to January 2015 were selected,and the clinical data were retrospec-tively analyzed.Results 61 children with ROP,the incidence rate of ROP was 10.83%.Men incidence rate of ROP （10.68%） and female incidence of ROP （11.02%） showed no significant difference （χ2 =1.045,P〉0.05）.The gestational age ＆gt;35 weeks, 31 -34 weeks,≤30 weeks neonatal ROP incidence rates were 1.53%, 15.04%, 35.71%,the difference between groups was statistically significant（χ2 =11.455,P〈0.05）.And with the smaller the gestational age,ROP incidence was higher.Birth weight ＆gt;2 000g,1 500g-2 000g,＆lt;1 500g neonatal ROP incidence rates were 5.83%,13.46%,32.61%,the difference between groups was statistically significant （χ2 =10.733,P〈0.05）,and with the smaller birth weight,ROP incidence was higher.There was a close correlation between mechani-cal ventilation,apnea and ROP （χ2 =11.455,9.765,all P〈0.05）;the rate of cesarean section,multiple births, blood transfusion,premature rupture of membranes was not significantly correlated with the rate of ROP （χ2 =0.732, 1.175,1.542,1.782,all P〉0.05）.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis,the independent risk fac-tors of retinal diseases for preterm and full-term children small for gestational age children were birth gestational age,birth weight,mechanical ventilation,apnea.Conclusion The age of birth,birth weight,mechanical ventilation and apnea are the risk factors of ROP.It should be attached great importance to the clinical treatment to prevent the development of the disease and improve the prognosis of patients.

关 键 词：视网膜疾病 高危因素 早产儿 足月小于胎龄儿 

分 类 号：R774.1[医药卫生—眼科]