农业文化遗产与农业类文化景观遗产比较研究  

Comparison between Agri-cultural Heritage Systems and Agri-cultural Landscape

作　　者：闵庆文[1] 张永勋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 [2]中国科学院大学

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第2期119-126,共8页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

基　　金：农业部国际交流与合作项目“中国的全球重要农业文化遗产保护”;云南省红河州委托项目“云南红河哈尼梯田保护的产业发展支撑研究”

摘　　要：自联合国粮农组织(FAO)发起全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)保护项目以来,在有关国际组织和中国等国家政府的支持下,在项目的申报与管理、科学研究与科学普及、遗产保护示范与经验推广等方面取得了显著成绩。但因为各种原因,仍然存在着对GIAHS概念、内涵与保护重要性认识上的不足,甚至混淆了与联合国教科文组织的文化景观之间的区别。文章在有关文献的基础上,结合被列为GIAHS的项目和世界遗产中的农业文化景观项目进行了对比分析。可以发现,农业文化遗产与农业文化景观发起背景有一定的相似性,但是发起的目的和意义不同;在概念上,前者不仅关注过去和现在,还关注未来,而后者更多的关注过去和现在;在评选标准上,前者强调系统性,即多重指标须同时具备,后者强调个性和特色,只要满足某一个条件即可;在保护思路上,前者强调动态保护与适应性管理,后者强调真实性和完整性的静态保护。因此,农业文化遗产有其独特的价值,对于实现联合国粮农组织的战略目标具有重要意义。Since the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations （FAO） initiated the Globally Important Agri- cultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） in 2002, a great of achievements have been obtained liking application and designa- tion, scientific research popularization, demonstration and dissemination. However, there are some misunderstandings a- bout GIAHS and its significances. One example is the distinction between the GIAHS and Culture Landscape on Agriculture in World Heritage. Based on some documents and references, this paper identified the differences between GIAHS and Agri- Cultural Landscape in World Heritage through contrasting them inbackground, concept, criteria and conservation thoughts. The results show： GIAHS and agri-cuhural landscapeshave some similarityin emergingbackground, but are different in initi- ative intention and significance; in the concept, the former focuses on the past, the current and the future, but the later just concentrates on the past and current ; in respect of the criteria, the former stresses the systematicness, meeting five cri- teria, but the later emphasizes one or some single characteristics, just satisfying one or more; in conservation thoughts, the former asks for dynamic conservation and adaptive managements, however the latter trend to static conservation. Thus, agri- cultural heritage systems have their own conservative significances due to their very essentially differences.

关 键 词：全球重要农业文化遗产 农业文化景观 联合国粮农组织 联合国教科文组织 比较研究 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]