一种用于舱室声源定位的双传声器方法及其性能研究  

A Novel Dual Microphones Method and its Performance for Sound Source Localization in Cabins

作　　者：曾向阳[1] 马慧颖[1] 王海涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航海学院,陕西西安710072

出　　处：《西北工业大学学报》2016年第2期189-193,共5页Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(A040504)资助

摘　　要：针对舱室空间中背景噪声和混响对传统声源定位算法的影响较大,以及所需阵列和算法复杂等问题,给出了一种基于双通道空间脉冲响应匹配的声源定位方法。利用该方法在实际房间中进行了声源定位实验,考察了不同尺寸发声装置、不同信噪比、不同混响条件下的定位性能。结果表明,在满足辐射声能要求的情况下,几种发声装置都具有很高的定位准确性,但尺寸越小,对应的误差范围也越小,即空间分辨率越高;在信噪比大于2 d B时,普通房间中的空间分辨率可达最小15 cm;该方法的定位精度受空间内部混响程度的影响较小;当声源缓慢移动时,该方法也具有良好的定位效果。For sound source localization in cabin spaces,the ambient noise and reverberation have significant impact on traditional source localization algorithms and these algorithms and the array are usually complex. Therefore,we proposed a source localization method based on dual- channel spatial impulse response matching. A series of source localization experiments were carried out in a real room,and the performance of the method under different dimensions of sounding devices,SNR and reverberation were investigated. The results and their analysis show preliminarily that sound devices have high spatial resolution while satisfying the requirement of the radiated acoustic energy,and the smaller the size,the smaller is the error range which corresponds to higher spatial resolution; when the SNR is greater than 2 d B,spatial resolution in common room is 15 cm; spatial internal reverberation degree has a small effect on localization accuracy; when the sound source moves slowly,this method also has a good localization effect.

关 键 词：声学 算法 波束形成 舱室 实验设计 误差 流程图 傅里叶变换 网格生成 混响 原理图 传声器阵列 信噪比 发声装置 舱室空间 脉冲响应 匹配 声源定位 

分 类 号：O429[理学—声学]