胞外囊泡与癌症  

Extracellular Vesicles and Cancer

作　　者：韩柳[1,2] 孙宇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海生命科学研究院健康科学研究所 [2]中国科学院大学,上海200031

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2016年第4期347-355,共9页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

摘　　要：哺乳动物细胞产生和释放大量的胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs),在细胞来源、形成途径、物质组成和生物功能等方面各有不同。EVs多数起源于内吞体或质膜,包括外泌体(exosome)、微体(microvesicle)和凋亡小体(apoptotic body)。每一种EVs均可从正常或癌变细胞产生,向邻近或远处细胞运输生物活性物质,调控生理学或病理学相关的细胞行为,包括肿瘤的发生和发展。因此,EVs实际上代表了一种十分重要的细胞间通讯的模式,而肿瘤微环境中的EVs参与的一系列活动对于疾病的进展或演化尤为重要。该文重点讨论EVs对于癌症一系列标记性特征的生物学作用与意义。对EVs及其生物功能的深入了解,将有助于拓展对癌症这一严重影响人类健康和长寿的顽疾的研究思路,为将来的精准医学提供更有效的治疗靶标和更合理的干预策略。In mammalian animals, distinct cells can exchange information by transferring signals including not only single molecules but also extracellular vesicles（EVs）, the latter often varying in the origin of cell, formation pathway, content composition and biological functions. Most EVs originate from endosome or plasma membrane, including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. Each EV can be secreted by normal or cancerous cells, transporting stuffs of biological activities, regulating physiology or pathophysiology including tumorigenesis. Here we review the recent evidence of functional roles of EVs by focusing on their implications in human cancer behaviors, including inducing tumorigenesis and tumor growth, generating therapy resistance, reprogramming energy metabolism, causing genomic instability, remodeling tumor microenvironment, promoting metastasis and evading immune surveillance. A deeper understanding of EVs and their contribution to human diseases particularly cancer progression can lead to new opportunities in clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer in current worldwide settings of personalized medicine.

关 键 词：胞外囊泡 外泌体 微体 癌症 微环境 

分 类 号：R730.2[医药卫生—肿瘤]