神经影像学技术在认识青光眼相关的中枢损伤性疾病过程中的作用  

The role of neural imaging techniques in the understanding of the central nervous system injury associated with glaucoma

作　　者：张绍丹[1] 卿国平[1] 王怀洲 陈伟伟 张纯[2] 王宁利 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心北京市眼科学与视觉科学重点实验室,100005 [2]北京大学第三医院眼科中心,100191

出　　处：《中华眼科医学杂志（电子版）》2016年第2期93-96,共4页Chinese Journal of Ophthalmologic Medicine(Electronic Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.81271005)

摘　　要：人们对青光眼疾病的认识是一个不断整合的过程,这种认识已从最初的一种眼局部疾病转变为一类以特征性视神经损伤和特异性视野缺损为表现的全视路疾病。在这个全面整合的过程中,医学影像学技术起到了举足轻重的作用。深入研究人类疾病特征及机制的手段很多,尤其是随着生命科学的飞速发展,现代分子生物学技术日新月异,这使得研究可以深入到细胞水平甚至分子水平,但是分子生物学方法有其不可克服的短板即研究对象的局限性,研究者只能从各类模型动物、死亡患者的尸检样品及患者的少量病变组织中寻找可能发生的病变反应,再推断到人体。要认识疾病在人体中形成的本质,最为真实有效的方法就是观察病变在体状态下的形态及影响。这是分子生物学方法目前很难实现的,但影像学技术为实现上述目的提供了有效的技术支持。在本文中,笔者论述了神经影像学技术在青光眼中枢损伤认识过程中的作用,希望本文能够使读者了解到目前应用于眼科的各种先进的神经影像学技术,从而整合分子生物学和影像学的研究手段以及眼球局部和人体整体的关系,为更深入地认识青光眼及其他眼科神经系统类疾病提供新的思路和方法。People＇s understanding of the disease of glaucoma is a continuous integration process.This understanding has been transformed from initially a class of topical ocular disease to a visual pathway disease of the characteristics of specific optic nerve injury and visual field defect. At the process of the comprehensive integration,medical imaging technology has played a decisive role. There are many means to study the characteristics and mechanisms of human diseases deeply,especially with the rapid development of life science and changes of modern molecular biology technology,which can make the study deeper at the cell and molecular level. However, the means of molecular biology have their own shortcoming cannot be overcame which is the limitation of the objects of study. Researchers can only look for useful evidences from all kinds of animal models,patients＇ autopsy samples and a small amount of local tissues of patients and extrapolate the conditions of human. To understand the essences of diseases in human,observing the morphologies and influences of the lesions in vivo is the most effective way,which is difficult to be realized by using molecular biology method but the above purpose can be achieved by the imaging technology. This paper deals with the role of the neural imaging technology in our understanding of glaucoma central damage. To provide new ideas and methods for the deeper understanding of glaucoma and other eye nervous system disease,this paper can enable readers to understand a variety of currently used advanced neural imaging technology in ophthalmology and integrate the research means of molecular biology and imaging technology and the relationship of topical ocular and human overall.

关 键 词：神经影像学技术 青光眼 中枢损伤性疾病 整合眼科学 

分 类 号：R775[医药卫生—眼科]