基于双相介质的地震波衰减特性油气检测方法  

Hydrocarbon detection based on the theory of seismic wave attenuation in two-phase medium

作　　者：汪佳蓓[1] 黄捍东[2,3] 郭飞 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京100083 [2]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [3]中国石油大学(北京)提高采收率研究院,北京102249 [4]中海石油深圳分公司研究院,广东广州510240

出　　处：《东北石油大学学报》2016年第2期19-26,122,共8页Journal of Northeast Petroleum University

基　　金：国家基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB201104)

摘　　要：油气储层是典型的多相介质,目前油气检测中依据的单相介质理论容易造成预测结果的多解性。为了更准确地检测油气,以Biot双相介质理论为基础,推导吸收系数表达式,建立能量密度衰减方程,利用广义S变换对地震资料进行频谱分解,分析介质含不同流体后地震波各频率成分的衰减特征。结果表明:当双相介质中所含流体性质不同时,地震波的频率衰减也不尽相同,当储集层中含油气时,地震波频率衰减量显著增大,低频能量衰减小,高频能量衰减大,在频谱上表现为低频能量相对增强,高频能量相对减弱,整体能量向低频移动。对比实际工区的低、高频能量剖面和衰减剖面,将地震波的衰减规律运用到油气检测中取得较好的效果,理论模型和实际资料的运用表明该方法可行。The reservoir is the typical two-phase medium.However,current methods and technology of hydrocarbon detection are mostly based on single-phase medium theory,which will lead to uncertain results of hydrocarbon detection.In order to detect hydrocarbon accurately,based on the Biot two-phase medium theory,this paper briefly deduces the equation of absorption coefficient,establishes the energy density regression equation,uses the generalized S-transform to finish the spectral decomposition of seismic data,and analyzes attenuation character of seismic wave in different frequency component when medium contains different fluid.The results show that the fluid properties are different in two-phase medium,the frequency attenuation of seismic wave are also different,when the layer contains oil and gas,the frequency attenuation of seismic wave increases dramatically,low-frequency energy attenuation is relatively small,high frequency energy attenuation is relatively large.The characteristics in the spectrum are that low-frequency energy is relatively increasing,high frequency energy is relatively decreasing,the whole energy is moving to the low frequency energy range.Through the analysis of low and high frequency energy attenuation profile contrast in study area,the attenuation rule of seismic wave can be used in oil and gas detection,finally this method achieved good results,the use of theoretical model and real data indicates the feasibility of this method.

关 键 词：地震波衰减 双相介质 吸收系数 能量密度衰减方程 广义S变换 油气检测 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] TE122.2[天文地球—地质学]