江西上饶包家金银冶炼遗址的冶金考古调查与研究  

The Investigation and Research of Archaeometallurgy on the Smelting Sites of Gold and Silver in Bao Jia,Shangrao City,Jiangxi Province

作　　者：刘思然[1] 陈建立[2] 徐长青[3] Thilo Rehren 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院 [2]北京大学中国考古学研究中心 [3]江西省文物考古研究所 [4]伦敦大学学院卡塔尔分校

出　　处：《南方文物》2016年第1期122-131,共10页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：国家文物局"江西古代冶金遗址的调查与研究";"文物保护科技优秀青年研究计划(No.2014226)";教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"皖南地区早期铜冶金的技术与社会(No.14JJD78003)";国家自然科学基金<中国古代坩埚炼铅技术初步研究>(No.5140040214)的资助

摘　　要：包家遗址位于上饶县中部,北距信江约5km。自2009年以来,考古人员对此遗址进行多次调查,初步廓清了该遗址的采矿、冶炼区域,对遗址的年代、生产规模以及生产技术有了初步认识。多种证据综合显示该遗址的主要使用年代为唐宋,且有可能延续至更晚时期。包家遗址主要开采岩金矿,由于含金矿物颗粒细小,需要通过火法冶炼提取黄金。除此以外,包家遗址矿石和炉渣的银含量较高,因此古人可能同时生产金、银两种金属。包家矿石中铅含量较低,影响了银的提取效率。推测该遗址工匠因受到其专业化程度及生产组织模式的影响,未从其他区域大量进口铅以提高提银效率。包家遗址的发现为研究我国古代脉金开采以及火法冶炼金银技术提供了新的材料。同时,此次工作显示了结合古代文献、考古调查以及科学分析对古代冶金遗址进行综合研究的重要意义。The site of Baojia is located in the central part of the Shangrao county, 5km to the south of Xinjiang River. Since 2009, archaeologists have conducted several field investigations at this site, and identified a mining and a smelting districts. The site is preliminarily dated to the Tang-Song period and was possibly used in the later period as well. The ore used at this site was vein gold with most gold bearing particles trapped in the silicate matrix, which had to be smelted with a pyro-technology. Additionally, the silver content of the Baojia ore and slag is significant, indicating that both gold and silver were extracted at this site. The relatively low lead content in the Baojia ore negatively affected the silver extraction efficiency. It is argued that the small production scale and low degree of specialisation caused Baojia smelters to be reluctant to import extraneous lead to promote their yield of silver. The study of this site enhanced our understanding about the vein gold mining and pyro-technology of gold and silver smelting in imperial China. Meanwhile, it also demonstrates the strength of combining textual research, archaeological investigation and scientific analysis in the study of ancient metal production sites.

关 键 词：冶炼遗址 唐宋 金银生产 脉金矿 火法炼金 炼银 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]