不同麦区小麦籽粒蛋白质与氨基酸含量及评价  

Contents of Protein and Amino Acids of Wheat Grain in Different Wheat Production Regions and Their Evaluation

作　　者：刘慧[1] 王朝辉[1] 李富翠[1] 李可懿[1] 杨宁[1] 杨月娥[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《作物学报》2016年第5期768-777,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-1-31);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104;201103003);国家现代农业人才支撑计划项目资助~~

摘　　要：为了解我国小麦品种氨基酸营养状况,收集了2009—2011年22个省655份小麦籽粒样品,分析其蛋白质以及18种氨基酸含量。样品中春小麦和冬小麦籽粒蛋白质平均含量分别为13.7%和12.7%。春小麦符合强、中、弱筋蛋白质标准的样品分别占45%、22%和33%,而冬小麦样品的比例分别为18%、24%和58%。除酪氨酸外,春小麦各测定氨基酸组分的含量均高于冬小麦,但必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例二者均为28.8%。小麦籽粒蛋白质含量呈现出北高南低、东高西低的趋势,必需氨基酸含量和总量则呈现出东高西低的趋势。有98%的样品以赖氨酸、2%的样品以色氨酸为限制性氨基酸。春、冬小麦氨基酸评分平均值分别为53和56,年度间有差异。在本研究取样区域内,小麦籽粒蛋白质水平整体较低,尤其是必需氨基酸赖氨酸含量和必需氨基酸占比低,限制了小麦蛋白质的营养价值。In order to understand the nutritional status of amino acids of China＇s wheat varieties, we collected 655 grain samples of wheat growing in 22 provinces from 2009 to 2011 and analyzed the content of total protein and 18 amino acids. The average grain protein contents of spring and winter wheat were 13.7% and 12.7%, respectively. In spring wheat, 45%, 22%, and 33% of samples met the protein standard for strong, medium, and weak gluten wheat, while the portion was 18%, 24%, and 58% in winter wheat, respectively. Spring wheat had higher contents in all amino acids except for tyrosine than winter wheat, but their ratios of essential to total amino acids were both 28.8%. Protein content decreased in the trend of from the north to the south, and from the east to the west. In addition, the single and the total essential amino acid content decreased from the east to the west. Lysine and tryptophan were the limiting amino acids in 98% and 2% of the wheat samples, respectively. The amino acid score varied across years, with an average of 53 in spring wheat and 56 in winter wheat. In conclusion, the overall protein content level of wheat grain was low in the sampling area. Particularly, the low contents and proportions of lysine and essential amino acids are limited factors in wheat protein nutrition.

关 键 词：小麦籽粒 蛋白质 氨基酸 区域分布 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]