论生态视角下《鲁滨逊漂流记》的伦理价值  

On Ethical Value of Robinson Crusoe in Ecological Perspective

作　　者：杨翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏泰州学院,江苏泰州225300

出　　处：《江苏科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第1期42-46,67,共6页Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"推进公民道德建设工程研究"(12&zd036);泰州学院教授(博士)科研基金研究项目"现代性道德危机解决的道家样态"(TZXY2013JBJJ009)

摘　　要：文学经典《鲁滨逊漂流记》展现了鲁滨逊的海外冒险经历。对它的不同评价反映了哲学认知的历史性进步。评论界由最初认同其对个体精神的颂扬,渐渐转向从后殖民主义角度反思其中人对人的压迫。后殖民主义的反思是不彻底的,它忽略了人对动物的压迫。传统伦理观中动物都没有道德地位,而当代生态伦理要求对此重新考虑。在评价小说时,要认识到鲁滨逊价值观的局限性,但又不能简单套用生态哲学理论。一方面,要分清鲁滨逊特定的客观生存环境,对其价值观予以理解;另一方面,又要分清他主观意识中的物种歧视与人类沙文主义倾向,避免将它们与前者混为一谈。Literature classic Robinson Crusoe shows us Crusoe＇s overseas adventure.Different comments on it reflect historical progress of philosophical cognition.The study circle changes from praising individual spirit at the beginning to rethinking the oppression to human from the aspect of postcolonialism.However,the reconsideration staged by post-colonialism isn＇t completed for it neglects the oppression to animals.Animals don＇t have moral status in the view of traditional ethics and today＇s ecology ethics requests to reevaluate it.This essay assumes that when judging this novel,we should be aware of the limit of Crusoe＇s value,while we can＇t apply ecology philosophy mechanically.On one hand,we need to tell the objective living environment he lives in and understand the value resulting from it;on the other hand,we also need to tell species discrimination and human-chauvinism in his mind,avoiding mixing them with the former.

关 键 词：《鲁滨逊漂流记》 传统伦理 生态伦理 价值重估 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]