油菜气力式排种系统参数对其负压特性的影响及风机选型  

Influence of air blower parameters of pneumatic seed-metering system for rapeseed on negative pressure characteristics and air blower selection

作　　者：舒彩霞[1] 韦跃培 廖宜涛[1] 雷小龙[1] 李兆东[1] 王都[1] 廖庆喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第10期26-33,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51575218;51275197;51405180);国家油菜产业体系专项资助项目(CARS-13)

摘　　要：针对2BFQ系列油菜精量联合直播机气力式精量排种系统在实际生产作业时受负载变化、地表特征等要素的影响,难以保证排种器负压处于理想工况的现实问题,围绕油菜直播机气力式精量排种系统负压特性及风机参数匹配开展试验。试验分析了排种器气室负压分布均匀性,研究了排种盘转速、排种器数量、风机额定功率及风机工作转速等排种系统参数对排种器气室负压的影响,并建立了数学模型。试验结果表明,排种器气室负压分布均匀性好,排种盘转速对气室负压平均值影响不显著;排种器气室负压绝对值随排种器数量增加而降低,随风机额定功率和风机工作转速增大而增加;建立的风机选型模型及排种器负压与排种器数量、风机额定功率、风机工作转速关系模型,决定系数均大于0.92,模型验证相对误差分别在-8.23%-6.62%和-6.12%-8.25%;依据模型确定了直播机气力式精量排种系统风机参数匹配设计步骤及2BFQ系列油菜精量联合直播机风机选型及其设计转速参数。台架试验及田间试验结果表明风机参数匹配设计步骤实际可行。该研究可为2BFQ系列油菜精量联合直播机气力式精量排种系统的结构优化与实际生产提供参考。The seeding performance of 2BFQ series planter pneumatic precision seed-metering system for rapeseed is affected by load changes, surface features and vibration in field. The pneumatic seed-metering system of 2BFQ series planter for rapeseed is composed of precision seed-metering devices, air blower and air pipelines. The structure and the working parameters of the system such as the number of precision seed-metering device, power rate and rotational speed of the air blower are affected the air pressure inside the seed-metering device and consequently influence the seeding performance directly. When the absolute value of negative pressure is decreased, miss index is increased. When that is increased, multiple indexes are increased. The objective of this research is to choose the appropriate structure and working parameters to ensure the air pressure of seed-metering device in the perfect condition. However, the quantitative analysis and mathematical model of the pneumatic seed-metering system were needed more investigation. The design of the pneumatic seed-metering system depended mainly on experiments the value estimation. To solve the problem, a series of experiments were carried out to study negative pressure effects and pump parameters. First, the negative pressure value of metering device was measured and automatically saved to the PC by pneumatic system testing device. Negative pressure uniformity was analyzed to determine proper point of air cavity which represented the suitable value of the whole negative pressure. Secondly, the effects of rotational speed of metering disc, number of seed-metering device, air blower rated power,air blower operating speed were studied. Thirdly, further analyze were made and mathematical models were established with aid of 1st Opt（First Optimization） to provide a basis for design of the system. Results showed that the negative pressure of cavity was uniform so that any measurement of negative pressure at any point was satisfactory. The rotational speed of metering disc

关 键 词：农业机械 农作物 模型 直播机 气力式 精量排种系统 负压特性 

分 类 号：S223.24[农业科学—农业机械化工程]