中国饭店业运行效率的区域性评价  

Efficiency Evaluation of Regional Performances of Star Hotels in China

作　　者：杨振山[1] 夏岚[1] 程哲[1] 李梦矗 地方产业发展课题组 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 [2]哥伦比亚大学建筑、规划与保护学院 [3]不详

出　　处：《经济管理》2016年第5期143-152,共10页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“开发区驱动下的城市社会空间转型与重构”(41371008);中国科学院青年创新促进研究会项目(2014042)

摘　　要：饭店业对经济发展和社会生活表现出越来越重要的价值。本文运用超效率的数据包络方法(Super DEA)的松弛变量模型(SBM),结合饭店自身投入和地区资源与建设水平,对不同星级饭店业的地区运行效率进行了评价。研究结果表明,不同区域饭店的运行效率存在明显差异,并且不同星级饭店的运行效率差异具有不一致性。根据不同星级饭店是否有效和超效率值,对地区进行了类型划分,包括完全无效区域,经济型饭店运行有效,仅豪华型饭店运行效率欠佳,高星级饭店有效而低端无效,完全有效临界区,完全有效区和超高效率区七种类型。指出每种类型中主要省份面临无效的主要原因。指出我国饭店自身建设投入不仅面临高星级饭店投资建设导致的产能过剩问题,也面临低星级酒店不适应市场发展需要而产生的供过于求。另外,各星级饭店在与地方建设和资源投入方面也存在一定的结构不合理性。研究结论为了解我国各地区饭店业发展的特征和阶段,因地制宜地制定地方饭店业发展目标提供科学依据。As one of the rising industries of local development, hotels emerge as an important industry with socioeconomic development. Hotels in China have been experiencing the problem of overcapacity and oversupply. The hotel efficiency is a main factor that should be concerned during the economic development. Different from existing researches, the article argues both its inputs and the regional resources and condition. that the efficiency of hotel operation should be based on Employing Super Data Envelop Analysis （Super DEA） method and based on Slack-Based Model （SBM）, the article investigates the regional efficiency and performances of star hotels in different levels in China. In order to measure the management and profit of hotels, the research takes the operating income, occupancy rate and average housing price as the indicators of output. As for the input, it takes the employees and the investment in fixed assets of hotels as the indicators of Internal input. And it also uses the tourist attraction＇ s levels, FDI, Total Retail Sales of Consumer Goods, the number of students in tourism schools, webpage amount, greening rate of built up area and passenger inces in China are seen as 31 DMU units. capacity as the indicators of exterior input. 31 prov- As the statistical data shows, China hotel structure has been adjusting since 2009. The rate of medium-level ho- tel began to increase, while the rate of high-end and medium-level hotel is still much lower than the developed coun- tries. Besides, from a macro perspective, hotel investment in the fixed assets in China has been constantly increasing. However, it always experienced the problem of low profit and frequent fluctuation. Data also indicates that the efficiency of hotel operation varies in different regions and at different star levels. There is synchronism in some degree between the operation efficiency of 3-star hotel and 4-star hotels. However,3-star,4-star and 5-star ho- tels have not developed a pleasant linkage. 3-star hotels have been more influ

关 键 词：星级饭店 运行效率 数据包络模型 超效率 省区 

分 类 号：F592.99[经济管理—旅游管理]