鄂东地区农村留守儿童发育与营养状况的影响因素分析  

Factors influencing development and nutrition condition of the rural left-behind children in east Hubei area

作　　者：柳克智 戴纯清[1] 阮启荣 张慧[2] 周易[2] 张国华 陈春喜 张平[2] 刘娟[3] 李超伟[4] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省黄冈市中心医院公共卫生科,黄冈438000 [2]湖北省黄冈市中心医院医务科,黄冈438000 [3]湖北省黄冈市中心医院儿科,黄冈438000 [4]湖北省黄冈市中心医院检验科,黄冈438000 [5]湖北浠水县人民医院儿科,黄冈438200

出　　处：《中华健康管理学杂志》2016年第2期126-130,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Management

基　　金：世界健康基金会“上海儿童医学中心-雅培/世界健康基金会临床营养发展中心（AFINS）项目”（AFINS-HOPE-2013-08）

摘　　要：目的分析鄂东地区农村3～12岁留守儿童的发育与营养现状及相关影响因素，为留守儿童营养干预提供参考。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，随机选择3～12岁留守儿童3930名和非留守儿童2748名作为研究对象，收集有关调查资料。调查方法包括问卷调查、体重测量和实验室检查等。结果留守儿童和非留守儿童低体重率分别为2．39％和2．03％、生长迟缓率分别为5．52％和6．08％、消瘦率分别为3．46％和2．91％、超重率分别为6．39％和12．99％、贫血检出率分别为31．83％和25．25％、低蛋白血症检出率分别为20．18％和3．78％。留守儿童低体重率、消瘦率、贫血检出率、低蛋白血症检出率均高于非留守儿童，差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）；超重率低于非留守儿童，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），生长迟缓率低于非留守儿童，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。留守儿童低体重与生长迟缓与每周吃早餐次数、家庭年人均收入、每周喝牛奶次数以及吃水果次数呈明显的负相关；抚养人文化程度与生长迟缓呈现负相关。结论农村留守儿童营养状况不容乐观，特别是营养结构不合理明显，对留守儿童进行及时的营养干预，改善其营养状况非常迫切。Objective To investigate the development and nutritional condition of the status quo of rural left-behind children aged 3-12 years in east Hubei, and to provide a reference for nutritional intervention. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used; 3 930 left-behind children 3-12 years of age were randomly selected and 2 748 non-left-behind children were enrolled as a control group. Questionnaires, weight measurements and laboratory tests data were analyzed. Results In the left-behind and non-left-behind children, low birth weight rate was 2.39% and 2.03% respectively, slow growth rate was 5.52% and 6.08% respectively, weight loss rate was 3.46% and 2.91% respectively, overweight rates were 6.39% and 12.99% respectively, the detection rate of anemia was 31.83% and 25.25% respectively, hypoalbuminemia detection rate was 20.18% and 3.78% respectively. Low birth weight rate, weight loss rate, the detection rate of anemia, hypoalbuminemia detection rate of left-behind children was higher than non-left-behind children, the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）; overweight rates was lower than non-left-behind children, the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）; slow growth rate was lower than that of the non-left-behind children, but the difference was not statistically significant （P〉0.05）. Conclusion The nutritional status of left-behind children in rural areas is not optimistic, especially the lack of obvious nutritional structure. Timely nutritional interventions to improve the nutritional status of left-behind children is very urgent.

关 键 词：儿童发育 营养状况 鄂东地区 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]