资本与精神关系的哲学追问——以《法哲学原理》和《资本论》为棱镜  

A Philosophical Inquiry into the Relationship between Capital and the Spirit ——Based on Elements of the Philosophy of Right and Capital

作　　者：王卫华[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学人文学院,上海市200433

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第3期12-19,共8页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"财富幻象的哲学批判--中国面向未来的财富观建构"(12YJA720004);项目负责人:范宝舟;上海财经大学研究生创新基金项目"资本视域下人的主体性问题研究--基于马克思资本批判理论的视角"(CXJJ-2015-410);项目负责人:王卫华

摘　　要：要深入把握黑格尔的《法哲学原理》和马克思的《资本论》,就必须对其精神内核即资本与精神的关系进行哲学追问。这其中有三个重要向度:一是《法哲学原理》赋予资本的"自由"范畴。黑格尔通过对自由层层剥茧,揭开了资本与自由关联的属性。二是对资本范畴的反思。政治经济学家认为资本是生产要素、预付金,而马克思认为把预付金抽象为资本无非是占有剩余。马克思资本范畴具有"二重性",它是生产要素资本与社会关系资本的统一。马克思对资本主义社会异化与幻化的批判,更加凸显了资本与精神的矛盾与冲突。三是历史哲学的向度——历史的普遍性与历史的特殊性的追问,历史不是简单地面向过去,不是终极审判台,而是由过去-当下-未来所组成的辩证的时间链条。这对市场在资源配置中起决定作用的问题,具有重要的理论与现实意义。To understand Elements of the Philosophy of Right and Capital,it is necessary to inquire into its essence:the relationship between capital and spirit.This philosophical inquiry has three dimensions.Firstly,Hegel's philosophy of capital under the 'freedom'category,which was found by analyzing freedom in different aspects,revealed a connection between capital and freedom.The second is the reflection on capital category.Political economists argue that capital is a factor of production and an advance,while Marx abstracts the advance as capital,which means possession of the surplus value.Realm of Marx's capital has duality,as it is the unification of capital from both production factors and social relations.Marx's critics on the social alienation and fluctuation in capitalism society highlight the conflict and contradiction between capital and spirit.The third is the philosophy of history:the universality and particularity of history.History is not simply a review of the past,nor the final judgment,but a time chain made up of the past,the present,and the future.This philosophical inquiry discussing decisive role of the market in allocating resources is of great theoretical and practical significance in the modernization of the State.

关 键 词：资本与精神 现代性 自由 精神哲学 历史哲学 市场经济 资本金融化 

分 类 号：B036[哲学宗教—哲学理论]