弥补那逝去的青春：知青对子女教育的代际补偿研究  

Make up the Lost Youth: Study on the Intergenerational Compensation by the Send-down Educated Youths for Their Children's Education

作　　者：刘愿[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学经济与管理学院,华南市场经济研究中心,广州510006

出　　处：《世界经济》2016年第5期168-192,共25页The Journal of World Economy

摘　　要：本文引入格式塔心理学派的完形理论解释知识青年对其子女教育的代际补偿行为,利用2010年中国家庭追踪调查数据检验知青的教育代际补偿效应。研究发现:在城镇中,知青比非知青受教育年限少0.41年,大部分知青教育被迫中断在初中或高中阶段,错失接受高等教育的机会;对于第一个子女来讲,知青子女比非知青子女的受教育水平显著高约1年,更可能接受大专及以上学历教育,而第二个子女受教育水平无显著差异。异质性分析剔除了个人能力和家庭背景对子女教育的影响,工具变量估计表明上山下乡运动具有很强的外生性,普通最小二乘法估计结果是无偏和稳健的。本文首次验证了上山下乡运动这种外生政策冲击的教育代际补偿效应,发现了知青弥补其人力资本损失的新机制,为理解教育的代际影响提供了一个崭新的视角。The send-down movement interrupted the educated youths＇ schooling and has additional in- tergenerational effects. In this paper, by employing the Gestalt psychology theory, we study the intergenera- tional compensation by the send-down educated youths for their children＇s education, and examine such psychological mechanism by using the data of Chinese Family Panel Studies in 2010. Our research shows that： （a）compared with the urban youths without send-down experience, the send-down educated youths lost 0. 41 - year of schooling on average, most of whom were interrupted at secondary education and missed the chance to receive higher education;（b） compared with a family without send-down experience, the first child（ older than 15 -year-old） from a family with send-down experience, on average, gets one more year of schooling and has more chance to go to college; （c） there is no significant difference in the second child＇s education attainment between the families with and without send-down experience. The heterogeneity analysis shows that this result is not driven by the asymmetry of personal ability and family background be- tween these two types of families. The IV estimation shows that the send-down policy is exogenous to next generation＇s education attainment, so the estimation by OLS is unbiased and robust. This is the first paper to verify the educational intergenerational compensation effects by exogenous policy shock, the send-down movement. It discovers a new mechanism that the educated youths compensate their human capital losses, and offers a brand new perspective to understand the intergenerational effect of education.

关 键 词：上山下乡运动 知识青年 外生政策冲击 教育代际补偿 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学]