火炬树横走侧根不定芽的发生及其形态解剖学特性的研究  

Characteristics of the Formation and Morphological Anatomy of the Adventitious Buds on the Horizontal Lateral Root of Rhus typhina

作　　者：许玉凤[1] 徐丹阳[2] 郭文铮 邵美妮[1] 关萍[1] 曲波[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学生物科学技术学院,沈阳110866 [2]沈阳农业大学林学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《植物研究》2016年第3期348-353,共6页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07202-004-01);沈阳市科技创新专项资金--大型仪器共享服务建设专项(F13-306-4-00)

摘　　要：火炬树是一种典型的主要以根蘖进行繁殖的木本植物,超强的根蘖繁殖能力和极高的适应能力,使其具有非常强的入侵性。试验通过野外挖根调查,研究了火炬树横走侧根不定芽的分布规律,用常规石蜡切片法研究了不定芽的发生特点,并且对根蘖苗的发生进行了物候学观察和分析。结果表明：火炬树的根系分布较浅,横走侧根分布在地表以下15 cm范围内,其中2～5 cm土层内侧根上的不定芽分布最多。不定芽在整个生长季都有萌发,但春季萌发数量最多。形态解剖学研究表明不定芽起源于横走侧根的中柱鞘细胞,为根源性克隆植物。根蘖苗的形成在时间上要比地上母株和其他树木萌发早,林分的充分光照使其迅速生长,增强了竞争力,为其种群更新和扩张创造了条件,促进了其入侵。Rhus typhina,as a typical kind of woody plant,is with the strong abilities of adaptation and root sucker in invasion. We studied the distribution of horizontal lateral roots and adventitious buds of R. typhina by field investigation,anatomic characteristics of the occurrence of adventitious buds and conventional paraffin method,and observed the development of clonal seedling of R. typhina in phenology. The distribution of the horizontal lateral roots of R. typhina is shallow,within 15 cm below the surface,and adventitious buds mainly distributes on the horizontal lateral roots within 2- 5 cm soil layer. Adventitious buds germinate throughout the growing season,but there are more buds in spring than those in other three seasons by the field observation.Adventitious buds originate from pericycle cells of horizontal lateral root. Clonal seedlings germinate earlier than their mother trees,they grow rapidly under enough sun light in the forest,which enhanced their competitive strength,provide a good condition for population regeneration and expansion,and promote its invasion.

关 键 词：火炬树 克隆生长 根蘖 解剖学 入侵 

分 类 号：S68[农业科学—观赏园艺]