芽孢杆菌Pb-4菌株鉴定及其抑菌活性的研究  

Identification of Bacillus sp. Pb-4 and Its Unitilization for Antimicrobial Activity

作　　者：郭珺[1] 武爱莲[1] 闫敏[1] 李娓[1] 池秀蓉 丁玉川[1] 焦晓燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室,山西太原030031 [2]北京市种子管理站,北京100088

出　　处：《华北农学报》2016年第2期224-230,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(20120311009-2);山西省财政支农项目(2014NYST-01);山西省农业科学院重点科研项目(YZD0907)

摘　　要：拮抗菌Pb-4是一株对多种植物病原菌有较强抑制作用的菌株。为了明确拮抗菌Pb-4的分类地位和抑菌机理,通过形态观察、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列同源性比对及系统发育树分析,对Pb-4菌株进行鉴定。并采用平板对峙培养法测定Pb-4菌株的抑菌谱,显微观察其抑菌作用,采用硫酸铵沉淀和乙醚、苯提取得到抑菌活性物。通过加热处理,明确高温对Pb-4菌株抑菌活性的影响。结果表明,Pb-4菌株鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌;Pb-4菌株对番茄枯萎病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、青椒枯萎病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌、苹果腐烂病菌均有抑制作用,其抑菌活性具有广谱性。该菌菌液能明显抑制枯萎病菌孢子的萌发,并对病菌菌丝有致畸作用;对番茄枯萎病菌的抑制生长率达93%,经100,121℃高温处理后的抑菌活性分别是未处理菌液的98.9%和80.1%。从菌液中提取的蛋白、酶、抗生素类活性物质对枯萎病菌的生长繁殖均有很强的抑制效果。为Pb-4菌株在病原菌防治中的广泛应用提供强有力的理论依据。A bacillus strain,named as Pb-4,which showed significant antagonistic activity against to many plant pathogenic fungi. The study was in order to determine the taxonomic status and antimicrobial mechanism of Pb-4.The strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on its morphological and physiological properties and its 16 S rRNA sequence. The antibacterial activity was characterized by plate two-way cultivation. Antibacterial compound from the identified strain was separated and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation,diethyl ether and benzene abstract. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was isolated that not only has antibacterial activity against F. oxysporum tomato,F. oxysporum cucumber,F. oxysporum watermelon and F. oxysporum green pepper; but also against Phytophthora capsici Leonian and Valsa ceratosperma. The bacteria liquid of the Pb-4 strain showed that strong antifungal activity against spore germination and hyphal growth of tomato wilt pathogen. The bacteria fluid to fusarium wilt diseases of tomato inhibition of growth rate was 93%. The antimicrobial activity of 100,121 ℃ high temperature treatment of untreated bacteria liquid of 98. 9% and 80. 1%. From the bacteria liquid extract of proteins,enzymes,and antibiotic active substances,had strong growth inhibition effect for Fusarium oxysporum. The results can provide a strong theoretical basis for the wide application of Pb-4 in the prevention and control of agricultural pathogenic bacteria.

关 键 词：解淀粉芽孢杆菌 枯萎病 拮抗菌 抑菌活性 

分 类 号：S432[农业科学—植物病理学]