芝麻叶挥发物的化感作用及其成分研究  

Allelopathic effects of Sesamum indicum leaves and its chemical components

作　　者：钱久李[1,2] 秦俊豪 黎华寿 

机构地区：[1]广东工程职业技术学院,广东广州510520 [2]农业部热带农业环境重点开放实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2016年第2期102-110,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"973"计划项目(2011CB100 400-G)子项目分课题"农田复种间作对病虫害生态调控和土壤污染修复的影响"

摘　　要：芝麻具有生物化感作用,但其作用方式、途径和物质等目前鲜有研究。在密闭条件下,以滤纸为载体用离体生测方法测定新鲜芝麻叶挥发物对受体种子水稻、稗草和莴苣的化感作用;测定水蒸气蒸馏法和乙醚萃取法获取的新鲜芝麻叶提取液对受体油菜和萝卜生长的影响。结果表明,挥发物试验中受体莴苣和稗草出现萎缩,鲜重分别减少为0.12、0.01 g,20 g/L萝卜根长和苗高RI分别为-0.90和-0.91;提取液对受体油菜和萝卜的种子萌发和幼苗根长有抑制作用,对受体苗高和鲜重作用呈低促高抑的趋势。利用固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术对新鲜芝麻叶挥发物进行化学成分分析,表明新鲜芝麻叶挥发物中的胆甾-5-烯-3-醇-,9-(Z)-十八烯酸甲酯(27.5%)等可能是化感物质。It was documented that sesame （ Sesamum indicum ） could affect other plant growth and suppress weeds. But the internal mechanisms for those effects was little understood. The allelopathic effects of cutting leaves of sesame on Oryza sativa, Lactuca sativa, Raphanus sativus, and Brassica campestris, were tested in petri dishes in laboratory. Subsequently, the effects of extracts of steam distillation and ether from cutting leaves of sesame on growth of B. campestris and R. sativus were investigated using bioassay tests. The results from petri dishes in laboratory showed that cutting leaves of sesame had significant effects on inhibiting the growth of receptor seedling, as the following order： L. sativa〉B, grass〉O, sativa, and the scale of these inhibitions was concentration dependent. The results from bioassay tests indicated that extracts of steam distillation and ether from cutting leaves of sesame suppressed the germination rate and root length of B. campestris and R. sativus. However, the seedling height and fresh weight of receptor plants increased at lower concentrations steam distillation and ether exudates, but decreased at higher concentrations. Volatile compounds form cutting leaves of sesame were extracted by solid phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatogra-phy-mass spectrometry. Unsaturated lactone class, sulfide and alkaloids were identified in the solid phase microextraction, and these may be the allelochemicals.

关 键 词：芝麻 挥发物 化感作用 生物测定 气-质联用 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]