煤矸石山优势植物对重金属吸收及富集特征  

Study on Heavy Metal Absorption and Enrichment Characteristics of Dominant Plants Species Settled Naturally on Coal Gangue Pile

作　　者：吴汉福[1] 田玲[1] 翁贵英[2] 李金辉[1] 邓红江[1] 

机构地区：[1]六盘水师范学院化学与化学工程系,贵州六盘水553004 [2]六盘水师范学院生命科学系,贵州六盘水553004

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2016年第2期317-322,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：贵州省教育厅自然科学基金项目(黔科教2009093)

摘　　要：对六盘水市某煤矿煤矸石山14种优势植物根际土壤污染状况以及对重金属吸收与富集特征进行研究。结果表明:煤矸石风化土壤中重金属Zn、Cu、Cd和Pb有明显积累,Cd的污染最为严重。对各种植物体内的重金属含量分析发现,地上部分中Cu、Pb含量最高的植物为假酸浆,分别为46.79,12.56mg/kg;Zn含量最高的植物是酸模叶蓼,为60.97mg/kg;Cd含量最高的植物是龙葵,为1.84mg/kg。对转移系数和富集系数分析发现,鬼针草、千里光、龙葵、醉鱼草艾蒿和野棉花对Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb具有较强转移能力;假酸浆的地上部分对Cd的富集系数最高,为1.28;假酸浆的地下部分对重金属Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb的富集系数也较高,分别为1.83,0.90,3.20,1.96。因此,假酸浆可作为煤矸石风化土植被恢复的植物,同时也可用于重金属污染土壤的修复植物。Through field investigation and laboratory experiments,heavy metal absorption and enrichment characteristics of 14 dominant plants species settled naturally on coal gangue pile were studied in Liupanshui city,Guizhou province.The results showed that 4heavy metals,Zn,Cu,Pb and Cd,had obvious accumulation in the soils,among which Cd caused the most serious pollution.It was found out,through analysis for heavy metal contents in different species of plants,that the contents of Cu and Pb in Nicandra physaloides were the highest,which were 46.79mg/kg and 12.56mg/kg,respectively;the content of Zn in Polygonum lapathifolium L.was the highest,namely,60.97mg/kg;the content of Cd in Solanaceae was the highest,which was 1.84mg/kg.It was also discovered based on the analysis of transfer coefficient and enrichment coefficient that the heavy metal transfer capacities of Bidens,Senecio chrysanthemoides,Solanaceae,Buddleja lindleyana Fortune,Artemisia argyi H.Lév.Vaniot and Anemone vitifolia Buch.-Ham.were stronger for Zn,Cu,Pb and Cd;the enrichment coefficient of aboveground part of Nicandra physaloides for Cd was the highest,which was 1.28;the enrichment coefficients of belowground part of Nicandra physaloides for Zn,Cu,Cd and Pb were also higher,which were 1.83,0.90,3.20 and 1.96,respectively.Therefore,Nicandra physaloides could be used not only as a pioneer plant in the revegetation of weathering coal mine spoils but also as a phytoremediation plant of heavy metal contaminated soils.

关 键 词：煤矸石山 优势植物 重金属 富集特征 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]