美国学生贷款的兴起与高等教育资源依赖的演变  

The Rise of Student Loans and Changing Resource Dependence in U.S. Higher Education

作　　者：伊丽莎白.波普.伯曼 艾比.斯蒂弗斯 游蠡[2] 翁秋怡[2] 

机构地区：[1]纽约州立大学奥伯尼分校 [2]北京大学教育学院

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2016年第1期13-30,188-189,共18页Peking University Education Review

摘　　要：高等教育的财政来源由直接的州政府资助走向学生贷款是一种全球趋势,美国是这一趋势的引领者,由此导致的学生债务问题也成为美国社会日益关注的话题。在20世纪90年代及21世纪初的10年间,为什么美国学生贷款会迅猛增长?这样一种增长又给高等教育机构带来何种影响?在20世纪60、70年代,政策行动者主要致力于解决当时阻碍学生贷款发展的核心问题——银行对借钱给学生毫无兴趣。他们确实做得很好,到20世纪90年代,一系列新的财政援助政策相继出台,主要政策行动者都对扩张贷款兴致勃勃。正是伴随着良好的外部环境,美国迎来了学生贷款快速发展的20年。自此,特别是公立院校对州政府的资源依赖逐步减少,转而更依靠学费收入。然而,这也意味着这些院校愈发依赖联邦政府,未来联邦政府对美国高等教育部门的控制势必有所加强。The United States has been at the forefront of a global shift away from direct state funding of higher education and toward student loans,and student debt has become an issue of growing social concern.Why did student loans expand so much in the U.S.in the 1990 s and 2000 s,and how might this affect higher education organizations? In the 1960 s and 70 s,policy actors worked to solve what was then a central problem around student loans;banks' disinterest in lending to students.They did this so well that by 1990,a new field of financial aid policy emerged in which all major actors had an interest in expanding loans.This,along with a favorable environment outside the field,set the stage for two decades of rapid growth.Since then,public colleges in particular have become less dependent on state governments and more dependent on tuition.At the same time,though,the expansion of aid means they are becoming more dependent on the federal government.This may,in the coming years,lead to increased federal control of the U.S.higher education sector.

关 键 词：美国学生贷款 高等教育财政 资源依赖 

分 类 号：G649.712[文化科学—高等教育学]