汉语保留宾语结构句法生成的最简分析  

A Minimalist Account of the Syntactic Derivation of Chinese Retained Object Constructions

作　　者：韩景泉[1] 潘海华[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学英语语言文化学院,510420 [2]香港中文大学语言学及现代语言系

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2016年第3期41-53,共13页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：广东省高等教育"创新强校工程"项目"非宾格假说与汉语非宾格动词结构"(GWTP-YJ-2014-01);国家社科基金项目"英语非宾格动词现象研究"(10BYY102)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文探讨汉语保留宾语结构的句法生成。在基于语段的分析中,非宾格动词与被动动词的轻动词投射vP具有不及物性,不构成语段,T通过与动词后论元名词组所建立的探针—目标一致关系赋予其结构主格。句首的非论元名词组为基础生成的悬垂话题,由述题中的语义变量允准,而论元名词组则作为句末自然焦点,或无标记呈现焦点,被锁定在句末位置之上。语境显著的话题为句末呈现焦点提供背景。T的EPP语义无解特征删除不涉及论元名词组到Spec-TP位置的显性句法移位,在这点上汉语与英语之间存在跨语言差异。This paper deals with the syntactic derivation of Chinese retained object constructions and proposes a phase-based analysis under which the intransitive vP of unaccusative or passive verbs does not constitute a phase and the T probe agrees with and assigns structural nominative Case to the postverbal argument NP goal.It is argued that the unselected preverbal nominal should be treated as a dangling topic,base-generated in the specifier position of a Topic Phrase and semantically licensed by a variable in the comment,and the argument NP is frozen in the sentence-final position as natural focus or unmarked presentational focus.On this view,the contextually salient topic sets a background for the end-focus.The deletion of the uninterpretable EPP feature on T involves no overt movement of the argument NP to spec-TP,and in this respect there is a cross-linguistic variation between Chinese and English.

关 键 词：保留宾语结构 基础生成话题 语段 主格 句末焦点 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]