美国、英国、澳大利亚高等教育市场的形成与发展  

Formation and Development of Markets in Higher Education in the USA,UK,and Australia

作　　者：蒋凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2016年第2期15-23,共9页Tsinghua Journal of Education

摘　　要：美国、英国、澳大利亚是高等教育市场化程度较高的国家,过去三四十年间其高等教育市场的形成与发展既有共性又有差异。市场机制是美国高等教育的基本调节机制,该国高等教育市场发展主要包括资助对象由院校转向学生、提高学费水平、推动知识商品化、扩展营利性教育。英国与澳大利亚高等教育市场形成的方式较为接近,包括削减公共经费、鼓励高校创收、建立学费制度、引入竞争机制、开拓国际市场等。一个国家高等教育市场形成与发展过程中的政策工具组合,是其国情、公共政策和具体高等教育状况等多种因素综合作用的结果。The US,the UK and Australian-these three countries which have relatively higher degree of marketization of higher education in the past thirty or forty years-have both similarities and differences in terms of their formation and development of higher education markets.The market mechanism is the basic regulating mechanism of higher education in the US and its higher education market development mainly includes the shift from financially funding colleges and universities to funding students,the increase of tuition fees,the movement of advancing commercialization of knowledge,and the expansion of for-profit education.The patterns how the UK＇s higher education market has formed is similar to Australia＇s,namely reducing public expenditure,encouraging institutional revenue-generation,establishing tuition system,introducing competition mechanism,and expanding international market and so on.The combination of policy instruments in the process of formation and development of higher education markets in any country depends on interactions of various factors,such as its national conditions,public policy,and specific higher education situation and so on.

关 键 词：高等教育市场 学费制度 国际学生市场 知识商品化 

分 类 号：G649.3[文化科学—高等教育学]