少突胶质细胞分化发育与髓鞘形成的研究进展  

Recent advance in oligodendrocyte differentiation, development and myelin formation

作　　者：翁超[1] 卢祖能[1] 符辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院神经内科,武汉430060 [2]武汉大学基础医学院人体解剖学与组织胚胎学系,武汉430071

出　　处：《中华神经医学杂志》2016年第5期524-528,共5页Chinese Journal of Neuromedicine

基　　金：湖北省卫计委重点项目（WJ2015MA007）;武汉市科技局2015年应用基础研究计划项目（2015060101010047）

摘　　要：中枢神经系统中，髓鞘是由少突胶质细胞包绕神经轴突形成的多层脂质膜。少突胶质细胞由神经干细胞分化发育而来。研究发现，在少突胶质细胞形成、分化和成熟的发育过程中，Olig2、Sox10、Nkx2.2、Olig1和Zfp218等转录因子发挥了重要的调控作用。髓鞘的形成过程受多信号通路的共同影响，包括Wnt、PI3K和BMP-Smad等信号通路。少突胶质细胞的分化发育和髓鞘形成是一个被高度调控的过程。本文主要围绕轴突表面的配体、转录因子和表观遗传等影响髓鞘形成的相关因素的研究进展进行综述。Myelin is multi-layer lipid membrane that surrounds and insulates axons, which is synthesized by oligodendrocyte （OL） in the central nervous system. OLs develop from neural stem cells. Researchers found that many transcription factors, such as Olig2, Sox10, Nkx2.2, Oligl and Zfp218, play very important roles in the process of OL differentiation, development and maturation. Myelin formation is effected by multiple signaling pathways, including Wnt, PI3K, BMP-Smad signaling pathway. The process of OL differentiation, development and myelination is highly regulated. Here, we mainly review the recent advance in axon surface ligands, transcription factors, epigenetics and other relevant factors for myelination.

关 键 词：少突胶质细胞 细胞分化 髓鞘形成 

分 类 号：R338[医药卫生—人体生理学]