逻辑究竟是什么以及逻辑应当是什么?  

What Logic is and What Logic Should be

作　　者：郝兆宽[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2016年第2期46-65,共20页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：对于逻辑是什么,有两种相互冲突的立场:当代哲学中流行的看法是逻辑是纯形式的,逻辑命题没有事实内容;而在弗雷格和哥德尔那里,逻辑是有关客观概念世界的科学。这两种观点都需要哲学立场的支撑,前者需要经验论或物理主义的立场,后者则预设了实在论或柏拉图主义。所以,流行的观点并不是哲学中立的,因此也不是更自然的或不可避免的。相反,弗雷格为数学奠定逻辑基础的努力,哥德尔成就逻辑学的伟大成果以及当代逻辑学家对连续统问题的研究都表明,实在论的立场总是能更好地解释逻辑学研究的实践。因此,我们有理由相信:把逻辑视为纯形式的观点,虽然看似自然而然,但在某种程度上是哲学史和逻辑史上的一个误解。Logic is formal, this is a popular philosophical position come from Kant, hold by almost all philosophers in analytical tradition. However, Frege and Godel, the two greatest logicians in history, deny this. According to them, logic is a science about the world of concept, a reality independent of our thoughts. In this paper we try to argue that the formalism is not natural or 'unavoidable', on the contrary, if we focus on the development in logic in the last 50 years, Frege and Godel's realism has a rather large influence over the worked logicians. Moreover, only from the point view of conceptual realism, we could have explained many phenomena in modern philosophy, such as Frege's rejection on Hume's Principal, that the formalism can not.

关 键 词：逻辑观 形式 哥德尔 弗雷格 概念论 休谟原则 

分 类 号：B81-0[哲学宗教—逻辑学]