有机肥替代部分化肥对甘肃省中部沿黄灌区马铃薯产量、土壤矿质氮水平及氮肥效率的影响  

Effect of organic fertilizer partially replace chemical fertilizer on yield,Nmin's level in soil and N fertilizer efficiency of potato in the Yellow River irrigation area of the central in Gansu

作　　者：高怡安 程万莉 张文明[1] 李亚娟[2] 沈宝云 王蒂[4,5] 邱慧珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]景泰条山农场农科所,甘肃白银730400 [4]甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [5]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2016年第2期54-60,68,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103004);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD06B03);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1011NKCA070);甘肃省科技重大专项(1102NKDA025)

摘　　要：【目的】为提高肥料的利用率,减少过量施用化肥的负面作用.【方法】通过田间试验研究了不同有机肥替代部分化肥对马铃薯块茎产量、氮肥利用效率和土壤矿质氮含量的影响.【结果】有机肥替代部分化肥的各处理产量均高于100%化肥的处理（T2）,以200kg/667m2普通有机肥替代10%化肥处理（T3）的增产幅度最大,为12.6%;单施有机肥在短期内不能提高马铃薯块茎产量.有机肥替代部分化肥可提高N肥利用效率,以200kg/667m2普通有机肥替代20%化肥处理（T5）最高,比T2提高了24.8%.与不施肥的对照（T1）和单施有机肥的处理（T9和T10）相比,施用化肥能明显提高0~40cm土层硝态氮的含量.不同处理未对土壤铵态氮含量造成显著影响.0~40cm土层矿质氮变化量与化肥施肥比例呈显著正相关.【结论】有机肥替代部分化肥能够保持（提高）产量,其中以200kg/667m2有机肥替代10%~30%化肥为宜.[Objective] In order to improve the ecological fertility of soil and fertilizer efficiency and to reduce the adverse effects of excessive use of fertilizers to environment. [Method] The effects of different organic fertilizer to replace some chemical fertilizer were studied on potato yield, nitrogen efficiency and soil mineral nitrogen through field trials. [Result] The results showed that organic fertilizer to replace some fertilizer treatments were higher than the yield of T2 treatment, the most significant increase with 200 kg/667m2 ordinary organic fertilizer to replace 10% chemical fertilizer treatment, than chemical fertiliz- er treatment,an increase of 12. 6% ,a single organic fertilizer in the short term did not improve the yield of potato tubers. Organic fertilizer to replace part of fertilizer enhanced N fertilizer use efficiency, the highest was T5 treatment,than T2 treatment increased $8. 40//oo. Each soil nitrate value of chemical fertilizer treat- ment compared with T1, T~ and Tjo were significantly improved. Soil ammonium value was stable and low, no significant difference among the treatments. There was significant positive correlation between 0-40 cm of soil mineral nitrogen variation and ratio of chemical fertilization. [Conclusion] Organic fertilizer to re- place part of chemical fertilizer increases the tuber yield of potato,200 kg/667m2 ordinary organic fertilizer to replace 10%-30% fertilizer treatment is appropriate.

关 键 词：马铃薯 有机肥 矿质氮 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]